The Risks Of Cigarette Smoke Reading Answers
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Experta en el extranjero | Updated On - Feb 18, 2023
The Risks Of Cigarette Smoke Reading Answers contains a write up about cigarettes and smoking. The Risks Of Cigarette Smoke Reading Answers contains a total of 9 paragraphs. Related to the paragraphs are 14 questions. Candidates in this IELTS Section will be shown various question types with clear instructions. The paragraphs contain information about health risk by smoking and cigarettes. There are various research and reports mentioned along with the diseases caused by smoking. The ill effects of passive smoking and the effects of smoking on non-smokers have also been mentioned. Children also suffer serious health risks due to inhalation of smoke.
The Risks Of Cigarette Smoke Reading Answers is an IELTS Reading passage which comprises three types of questions: Choose the correct option, No/Yes and Not Given and complete the sentence. Candidates must carefully and properly read each paragraph. It is necessary to interpret each text. In order to respond to the questions, you must identify the paragraph's main idea. It's vital to keep in mind the crucial facts. It is necessary to interpret and comprehend each text. The answer of the question must not exceed more than two or three words. The information which has been not provided must be mentioned as Not Given. To gain proficiency, candidates can practice from IELTS reading practice test.
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Section 1
Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions
The Risks Of Cigarette Smoke Reading Answers
- Discovered in the early 1800s and named nicotianine, the oily essence now called nicotine is the main active ingredient of tobacco. Nicotine, however, is only a small component of cigarette smoke, which contains more than 4,700 chemical compounds, including 43 cancer-causing substances. In recent times, scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical conditions.
- In addition to being responsible for more than 85 percent of lung cancers, smoking is associated with cancers of, amongst others, the mouth, stomach and kidneys, and is thought to cause about 14 percent of leukemia and cervical cancers. In 1990, smoking caused more than 84,000 deaths, mainly resulting from such problems as pneumonia, bronchitis and influenza. Smoking, it is believed, is responsible for 30 percent of all deaths from cancer and clearly represents the most important preventable cause of cancer in countries like the United States today.
- Passive smoking, the breathing in of the side-stream smoke from the burning of tobacco between puffs or of the smoke exhaled by a smoker, also causes a serious health risk. A report published in 1992 by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emphasized the health dangers, especially from side-stream smoke. This type of smoke contains more, smaller particles and is therefore more likely to be deposited deep in the lungs. On the basis of this report, the EPA has classified environmental tobacco smoke in the highest risk category for causing cancer.
- As an illustration of the health risks, in the case of a married couple where one partner is a smoker and one a non-smoker, the latter is believed to have a 30 per cent higher risk of death from heart disease because of passive smoking. The risk of lung cancer also increases over the years of exposure and the figure jumps to 80 per cent if the spouse has been smoking four packs a day for 20 years. It has been calculated that 17 per cent of cases of lung cancer can be attributed to high levels of exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke during childhood and adolescence.
- A more recent study by researchers at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) has shown that second-hand cigarette smoke does more harm to non-smokers than to smokers. Leaving aside the philosophical question of whether anyone should have to breathe someone else's cigarette smoke, the report suggests that the smoke experienced by many people in their daily lives is enough to produce substantial adverse effects on a person's heart and lungs.
- The report, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (AMA), was based on the researchers' own earlier research but also includes a review of studies over the past few years. The American Medical Association represents about half of all US doctors and is a strong opponent of smoking. The study suggests that people who smoke cigarettes are continually damaging their cardiovascular system, which adapts in order to compensate for the effects of smoking. It further states that people who do not smoke do not have the benefit of their system adapting to the smoke inhalation. Consequently, the effects of passive smoking are far greater on non-smokers than on smokers.
- This report emphasizes that cancer is not caused by a single element in cigarette smoke; harmful effects to health are caused by many components. Carbon monoxide, for example, competes with oxygen in red blood cells and interferes with the blood's ability to deliver life giving oxygen to the heart. Nicotine and other toxins in cigarette smoke activate small blood cells called platelets, which increases the likelihood of blood clots, thereby affecting blood circulation throughout the body.
- The researchers criticize the practice of some scientific consultants who work with the tobacco industry for assuming that cigarette smoke has the same impact on smokers as it does on non-smokers. They argue that those scientists are underestimating the damage done by passive smoking and, in support of their recent findings, cite some previous research which points to passive smoking as the cause for between 30,000 and 60,000 deaths from heart attacks each year in the United States. This means that passive smoking is the third most preventable cause of death after active smoking and alcohol-related diseases.
- The study argues that the type of action needed against passive smoking should be similar to that being taken against illegal drugs and AIDS (SIDA). The UCSF researchers maintain that the simplest and most cost-effective action is to establish smoke-free workplaces, schools and public places.
Section 2
Solution with Explanation
Questions 15-17
Choose the appropriate letters A—D and write them in boxes 15—17 on your answer sheet.
- According to information in the text, leukemia and pneumonia
- are responsible for 84,000 deaths each year.
- are strongly linked to cigarette smoking.
- are strongly linked to lung cancer.
- result in 30 percent of deaths per year.
Answer: B
Supporting statement: being responsible for more than 85 percent …… bronchitis and influenza.
Keywords: leukemia, pneumonia, smoking
Keyword Location: Paragraph 2
Explanation: As per paragraph 2, it has been clearly mentioned that smoking causes more than 85% of lung cancers. It is linked to malignancies of the mouth, stomach, and kidneys, among others, Further, is considered to be responsible for roughly 14% of leukemia cases and cervical cancer cases. More than 84,000 deaths in 1990 were attributed to smoking, mostly due to illnesses like pneumonia, bronchitis, and influenza. So, the correct answer is B as per the explanation provided and the information given in paragraph 2.
- According to information in the text, intake of carbon monoxide.
- inhibits the flow of oxygen to the heart.
- increases absorption of other smoke particles.
- inhibits red blood cell formation.
- promotes nicotine absorption.
Answer: A
Supporting statement: report emphasizes that cancer …… blood's ability to deliver life giving oxygen to the heart
Keywords: oxygen, heart
Keyword Location: Paragraph 7
Explanation: The paper underlines that there are numerous factors that contribute to cigarette smoke's detrimental impact on health. These are not just one one that causes cancer. For instance, carbon monoxide prevents the blood from carrying oxygen to the heart, which is necessary for life, because it competes with oxygen in red blood cells. So, the correct answer is A as per the explanation provided and the information given in paragraph 7.
- According to information in the text, intake of nicotine encourages
- blood circulation through the body.
- activity of other toxins in the blood.
- formation of blood clots.
- an increase of platelets in the blood.
Answer: C
Supporting statement: Carbon monoxide, for example, …… circulation throughout the body.
Keywords: blood cells, blood clots, nicotine
Keyword Location: Paragraph 7
Explanation: As per paragraph 7, it has been mentioned clearly carbon monoxide prevents the blood from carrying oxygen to the heart. Which is necessary for life, because it competes with oxygen in red blood cells. The activation of platelets, a kind of tiny blood cell, by nicotine as well as other toxins in cigarette smoke raises the risk of blood clots. Further, reduces blood flow throughout the body. So, the correct answer is C as per the explanation provided and the information given in paragraph 7.
Questions 18-21
Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 18-21 on your answer sheet write.
YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
- Thirty percent of deaths in the United States are caused by smoking-related diseases.
Answer: No
Supporting statement: Smoking, it is believed, is responsible for 30 percent of all deaths from cancer and clearly represents the most important preventable cause of cancer in countries like the United States today.
Keywords: United States
Keyword Location: Paragraph 2
Explanation: It has been clearly mentioned that smoking is thought to be the leading preventable cause of cancer, accounting for 30% of all cancer-related deaths. So, the question statement is contrary to the actual information provided in paragraph 2. So, the correct answer is No.
- If one partner in a marriage smokes, the other is likely to take up smoking.
Answer: Not Given
Explanation: There has been no relevant information provided in the paragraphs associated with the question statement. Thus, the correct answer is Not Given.
- Teenagers whose parents smoke are at risk of getting lung cancer at some time during their lives.
Answer: Yes
Supporting statement: The risk of …….and adolescence.
Keywords: childhood and adolescence, lung cancer
Keyword Location: Paragraph 4
Explanation: As per paragraph 4, it has been clearly mentioned that the risk of lung cancer rises over time. Moroever, it reaches an all-time high of 80% if the spouse had smoked four packs per day for 20 years. According to
estimates, high levels of exposure to secondhand smoke during childhood and adolescence are responsible for 17% of occurrences of lung cancer. So, the correct answer is Yes as per the explanation provided and the information given in paragraphs.
- Opponents of smoking financed the UCSF study.
Answer: Not Given
Explanation: There has been no relevant information provided in the paragraphs associated with the question statement. Thus, the correct answer is Not Given.
Questions 22-24.
Choose ONE phrase from the list of phrases A—J below to complete each of the following sentences (Questions 22-24).
Write the appropriate letters in boxes 22—24 on your answer sheet.
- includes reviews of studies in its reports.
- argues for stronger action against smoking in public places.
- is one of the two most preventable causes of death.
- is more likely to be at risk from passive smoking diseases.
- is more harmful to non-smokers than to smokers.
- is less likely to be at risk of contracting lung cancer.
- is more likely to be at risk of contracting various cancers.
- opposes smoking and publishes research on the subject
- is just as harmful to smokers as it is to non-smokers.
- reduces the quantity of blood flowing around the body.
- Passive smoking …
Answer: E
Supporting statement: second-hand cigarette smoke does more harm to …… adverse effects on a person's heart and lungs.
Keywords: second hand smoking
Keyword Location: Paragraph 5
Explanation: As per paragraph 5, it has been clearly mentioned that nonsmokers are more negatively impacted by secondhand smoke than smokers are. The paper contends that the smoke that many individuals inhale on a daily basis is sufficient to have significant negative effects. Leaving aside the ethical dilemma of whether someone should be forced to breathe another person's cigarette smoke. So, the correct answer is E stating 'is more harmful to non-smokers than to smokers.'
- Compared with a non-smoker, a smoker …
Answer: G
Supporting statement: second-hand cigarette smoke does more harm to non-smokers than to smokers…… person's heart and lungs.
Keywords: person's heart and lungs, harm
Keyword Location: Paragraph 5
Explanation: As per paragraph 5, it has been clearly mentioned that nonsmokers are more negatively impacted by secondhand smoke than smokers are. The paper contends that the smoke that many individuals inhale on a daily basis is sufficient to have significant negative effects. Leaving aside the ethical dilemma of whether someone should be forced to breathe another person's cigarette smoke. So, the correct answer is G stating 'is more likely to be at risk of contracting various cancers.'
- The American Medical Association …
Answer: H
Supporting statement: The American Medical Association represents ….. adapting to the smoke inhalation.
Keywords: American Medical Association
Keyword Location: Paragraph 6
Explanation: As per the paragraph 6, it has been clearly mentioned that about half of US doctors are represented by the American Medical Association. It is a vocal opponent of smoking. According to the study, those who smoke cigarettes regularly harm their cardiovascular system, which has evolved to counteract the negative effects of smoking. So, the correct answer is H stating 'opposes smoking and publishes research on the subject'.
Questions 25-28
Classify the following statements as being.
- a finding of the UCSF study
- an opinion of the UCSF study
- a finding of the EPA report
- an assumption of consultants to the tobacco industry
Write the appropriate letters A—D in boxes 25—28 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
- Smokers’ cardiovascular systems adapt to the intake of environmental smoke.
Answer: A
Supporting statement: The American Medical Association r…… adapting to the smoke inhalation.
Keywords: smoke inhalation, adapting
Keyword Location: Paragraph 6
Explanation: It has been clearly mentioned that about half of US doctors are represented by the American Medical Association, which is a vocal opponent of smoking. According to the study, those who smoke cigarettes regularly harm their cardiovascular system, which has evolved to counteract the negative effects of smoking. So, the correct answer is A stating 'a finding of the UCSF study'.
- There is a philosophical question as to whether people should have to inhale others’ smoke.
Answer: B
Supporting statement: UCSF has shown that second-hand cigarette smoke does more harm to …….. effects on a person's heart and lungs.
Keywords: philosophical question
Keyword Location: Paragraph 5
Explanation: As per paragraph 5, it has been clearly mentioned that according to research from UCSF, non-smokers are more negatively impacted by secondhand smoke than smokers are. The paper contends that the smoke that many individuals inhale on a daily basis is sufficient to have significant negative effects. Leaving aside the ethical dilemma of whether someone should be forced to breathe another person's cigarette smoke. So, the correct answer is B stating 'an opinion of the UCSF study'.
- Smoke-free public places offer the best solution.
Answer: B
Supporting statement: The study argues that the type of action needed against passive smoking should be similar to that being taken against illegal drugs and AIDS (SIDA). The UCSF researchers maintain that the simplest and most cost-effective action is to establish smoke-free workplaces, schools and public places.
Keywords: UCSF, smoke free workplaces
Keyword Location: Paragraph 9
Explanation: It has been clearly mentioned that the study contends that comparable measures should be utilized to combat AIDS. In addition, illegal drugs as well as passive smoking (SIDA). The UCSF researchers contend that making workplaces, schools, and public spaces smoke-free is the easiest and most economical course of action. So, the correct answer is B stating ''an opinion of the UCSF study'.
- The intake of side-stream smoke is more harmful than smoke exhaled by a smoker.
Answer: C
Supporting statement: A report published in 1992 by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emphasized the health dangers, especially from side-stream smoke. This type of smoke contains more, smaller particles and is therefore more likely to be deposited deep in the lungs.
Keywords: sidestream smoke
Keyword Location: Paragraph 3
Explanation: This kind of smoke is more likely to deposit itself deep within the lungs since it contains more and smaller particles. So, the correct answer is C stating 'a finding of the EPA report'.
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