Measuring Intelligence Reading Answers
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Measuring Intelligence Reading Answers is an IELTS general reading topic. There are twelve questions included in this short passage. Measuring Intelligence Reading Answers has been taken from the book E-ENG-school IELTS Reading Test With Answers Key. This IELTS Reading passage talks about the history measurement of IQ and how it evolved. The author has mentioned the details of the use and the help that it does to the people. There are two types of questions match the people and true, False, Not Given. .
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Section 1
Read the passage to answer the following questions
Measuring Intelligence Reading Answers
Measuring Intelligence
- Intelligence has been defined as 'a property of mind that enables us to perform a wide variety of mental activities that include reasoning, planning, solving problems and learning new things'. However psychologists that focus on ways to measure intelligence, define it as 'the degree to which one can adapt to one's environment'.
- The first attempts in the modern era to systematically measure intelligence date back to the beginning of the 20th century. French psychologist Alfred Binet published the first modern intelligence test, the Binet-Simon intelligence scale in 1905. His original intention was to identify students that needed extra academic support. Unfortunately, he was not able to complete his work, managing just two revisions of his initial study, before he passed away in 1911 at the age of 54.
- Englishman Sir Francis Galton also contributed to the development of intelligence measurement techniques. His research focused on a slightly different aspect of intelligence that he called psychometrics. This area of study was concerned with the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits. Like Binet, he also started his research by focusing on the differences between individuals and groups of individuals. Galton studied people's 'everyday activities' for several weeks and noted that although the activities are common to all people, there were considerable variations in terms of the mental processes required to perform the tasks. Galton's psychometric point of view and Binet's idea of a scale-based measurement of intelligence opened new avenues for further research and inspired other psychologists.
- The next significant step along the road to measuring intelligence was in 1912 through the work of William Stern. Although Stern did not follow directly on from Binet's work, his research popularised the term intelligence quotient or IQ. It was Stanford University psychologist Lewis Terman who did continue Binet's work showing, through the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, that IQ could be measured. Almost a century later, one of the most effective measurement tools of human intelligence is based upon Stern's original IQ test. Later, in 1906 while at Stanford, Terman published a revised and perfected Binet-Simon scale for American populations. This Stanford Revision of the Binet-Simon Scale, soon became known as the Stanford-Binet, was considered to be the best available individual intelligence test of its day. Terman's work focused on the scientific diagnosis and classification of children based on their intelligence. Terman followed Stern's research methods and measured human intelligence through use of a formula - the ratio of mental age and chronological age multiplied by 100. Terman's research enabled schools to organise special classes for the students with a low score on the intelligence scale and to develop an advanced curriculum for students who were of superior intelligence. From 1949 to 1955, psychologist David Wechsler developed an integrated intelligence measurement tool. This tool was used to measure the intelligence of both adults and children. Wechsler's tests have grown in popularity amongst today's psychologists with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children being commonly used for adults and children alike.
- Like all revolutionary inventions, the measurement of IQ also went through a lot of changes during the early phases of its development. Gradually, the complex testing format was simplified and standardised. During the 1990s, IQ measurement was reduced to simply answering some questions in a 30-minute test. IQ measurement systems have proven to be so popular that organisations, clubs and societies have formed which only accept members with certain IQ levels. The most well-known of these groups, Mensa International, was founded by an Australian barrister Roland Berrill after he received financial assistance from British technologist, Dr. Lancelot Ware. Mensa only accepts members who have scored in the top 2% of a standardised IQ test. Gradually a number of similar clubs and societies have formed worldwide, many of them now well- established authorities that promote human intelligence studies for the benefit of greater humanity.
- In the present day, psychologists have grouped IQ test forms based on the precise aspects of intelligence to be tested. These IQ tests are usually a mix of problems aimed at measuring short-term memory, pinpointing verbal knowledge, exploring spatial visualisation and calculating the speed of perception. Based upon the method used, some tests have a total time limit while others have a specific time limit for each subset. When it comes to measuring high intelligence however, tests are neither bound by time nor by supervision.
- The acceptance of modern IQ testing systems increased when the Guinness Book of World Records added a category which they called 'Highest IQ'. Many were surprised to learn that Marilyn Savant, the one given the title, was a university drop-out. There are, however, groups of people who oppose the concept of measuring intelligence. They represent a school of thought that conclude that intelligence is something too abstract to measure and to express in terms of numeric values. It is believed that the development of computer technology will someday resolve the controversies surrounding how intelligence is measured.
Section 2
Solution and Explanation
Questions 28-34
Look at the following statements (Questions 28-34) and the list of people below.
Match each statement with the person to whom it refers.
List of People
- Lewis Terman
- Marilyn Savant
- William Stern
- Roland Berrill
- Francis Galton
- Alfred Binet
- David Wechsler
- Lancelot Ware
- tools the foundation for one of the best present-day intelligence measurement
Answer: C. William Stern
Supporting Sentence: Almost a century later, one of the most effective measurement tools of human intelligence is based upon Stern's original IQ test
Keyword : most effective, measurement tool
Keyword Location: Paragraph D, 4th sentence
Explanation: As per the author, a century later an instrument was created based on Stern’s IQ test. Hence, Stern laid the foundation for the tool which measured IQ in the best way possible.
- intellectual ability to do daily work varies from person to person
Answer: E.Francis Galton
Supporting Sentence: Galton studied people's 'everyday activities' for several weeks and noted that although the activities are common to all people, there were considerable variations in terms of the mental processes required to perform the tasks.
Keyword : everyday activities, common, people
Keyword Location: Paragraph C, 5th sentence
Explanation: As per the passage, Galton studies activities of people for weeks. He noticed that there were variations in terms of mental process to perform tasks. Mental process means intellectual ability. This makes E the correct answer.
- a wealthy man who helped someone to implement an idea
Answer: H. Lancelot Ware
Supporting Sentence: The most well-known of these groups, Mensa International, was founded by an Australian barrister Roland Berrill after he received financial assistance from British technologist, Dr. Lancelot Ware
Keyword : founded, Lancelot Ware
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, 5th sentence
Explanation: The author states that Roland Berrill was founded by Australian barrister with assistance from technologist Lancelot Ware. This foundation helped people implement new ideas. Hence, H is the correct answer.
- the pioneer of contemporary intelligence testing
Answer: F. Alfred Binet
Supporting Sentence: French psychologist Alfred Binet published the first modern intelligence test, the Binet-Simon intelligence scale in 1905
Keyword : first, modern intelligence test,
Keyword Location: Paragraph B, 2nd sentence
Explanation: The passage states that French psychologist Binet was the first to introduce modern intelligence test. This makes him the pioneer of contemporary intelligence testing.
- highly intelligent but did not complete university
Answer: B. Marilyn Savant
Supporting Sentence: Many were surprised to learn that Marilyn Savant, the one given the title, was a university drop-out.
Keyword : drop-out
Keyword Location: Paragraph G, 2nd sentence
Explanation: The author directly states in the passage that Marilyn Savant was a college drop-out. The passage also states that many were surprised to know that Marilyn Savant was the one who was given the title. This makes Marilyn Savant the correct answer.
- invented a mathematical rule to measure intelligence
Answer: A. Lewis Terman
Supporting Sentence: It was Stanford University psychologist Lewis Terman who did continue Binet's work showing, through the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, that IQ could be measured.
Keyword : intelligence scale
Keyword Location: Paragraph D, 2nd sentence
Explanation: Binet’s work was continued by Lewis terman through Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. It was a mathematical rule to measure intelligence. Hence, A is the correct answer.
- originated the concept of a group that only accepts members who have high IQs
Answer: D. Roland Berrill
Supporting Sentence: Mensa only accepts members who have scored in the top 2% of a standardised IQ test.
Keyword : accepts, top 2%, IQ test
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, 6th sentence
Explanation: The author in the paragraph E states that Roland Berrill started an organisation mensa. This organisation Mensa accepted only the highest IQ getters or the top 2% candidates of the test. Hence, D is the correct answer.
Questions 35-40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?
In boxes 35-40 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE - if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE - if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN - if there is no information on this
- Psychologists that measure intelligence define it as being how easily people can change to suit their surroundings.
Answer: True
Supporting Sentence: However psychologists that focus on ways to measure intelligence, define it as 'the degree to which one can adapt to one's environment'.
Keyword : adapt, environment
Keyword Location: Paragraph A, 2nd sentence
Explanation: As per the author, psychologists define intelligence as the degree to which one can adapt to the environment. Hence, the statement is True.
- Binet studied intelligence in order to locate students with learning problems.
Answer: True
Supporting Sentence: His original intention was to identify students that needed extra academic support.
Keyword : intention, students, academic support
Keyword Location: paragraph B, 3rd sentence
Explanation: The author states that Binet published the first modern intelligence test. It was known as the Binet-Simon intelligence scale. The intention was to study and identify the students that needed extra academic help. This means those students had learning problems. Hence, the answer is True.
- Galton's research showed that regular human activities use different parts of the brain.
Answer: Not Given
Explanation: There is no information in the passage related to this.
- today. Stern's IQ test is considered the best intelligence measurement tool
Answer: Not Given
Explanation: There is no information in the passage related to this.
- IQ tests must be supervised by a qualified professional.
Answer: False
Supporting Sentence: This Stanford Revision of the Binet-Simon Scale, soon became known as the Stanford-Binet, was considered to be the best available individual intelligence test of its day
Keyword : individual intelligence test
Keyword Location: Paragraph D, 6th sentence
Explanation: The above statement is False. As per the suggesting sentence, the author says that Stanford Revision became the best individual test. Individual test means it was not supervised by any qualified person.
- Computers are expected to solve the problems related to the measurement of IQ.
Answer: True
Supporting Sentence: It is believed that the development of computer technology will someday resolve the controversies surrounding how intelligence is measured.
Keyword : computer technology, replace
Keyword Location: last paragraph, last sentence
Explanation: According to the author, the development of computer is expected to resolve the controversies on how intelligence is measured. This is in sync with the question and hence, the answer is true.
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