Forests are One of The Main Elements of Our Natural Heritage Reading Answers
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Experta en el extranjero | Updated On - Jan 4, 2023
Forests are One of The Main Elements of Our Natural Heritage Reading Answers contains a write up about forests and its importance.Forests are One of The Main Elements of Our Natural Heritage Reading Answers contains a total of 5 paragraphs. Related to the paragraphs are 13 questions. The passage is based on all about the forests and its importance. How we exploit the foreets for our selfish purposes, it is our national heritage. Candidates in this IELTS Section will be shown various question types with clear instructions.
Forests are One of The Main Elements of Our Natural Heritage Reading Answers comprises two types of questions: Choose the correct answer and True/False and Not Given.
To answer the questions provided in the IELTS Reading passage,Applicants must attentively read each passage. To complete the true and false, there might be some information which is not mentioned so it must be written as not given. To choose the correct answer the interpretation of each paragraph is important. To gain proficiency, candidates can practice from IELTS reading practice test.
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Section 1
Read the Passage to Answer the Following Questions
Forests are One of The Main Elements of Our Natural Heritage Reading Answers
- Forests are one of the main elements of our natural heritage. The decline of Europe's forests over the last decade and a half has led to an increasing awareness and understanding of the serious imbalances which threaten them. European countries are becoming increasingly concerned by major threats to European forests, threats which know no frontiers other than those of geography or climate: air pollution, soil deterioration, the increasing number of forest fires and sometimes even the mismanagement of our woodland and forest heritage. There has been a growing awareness of the need for countries to get together to coordinate their policies. In December 1990, Strasbourg hosted the first Ministerial Conference on the protection of Europe's forests. The conference brought together 31 countries from both Western and Eastern Europe. The topics discussed included the coordinate study of the destruction of forests, as well as how to combat forest fires and the extension of European research programs on the forest ecosystem. The preparatory work for the conference had been undertaken at two meetings of experts. Their initial task was to decide which of the many forest problems of concern to Europe involved the largest number of countries and might be the subject of joint action. Those confined to particular geographical areas, such as countries bordering the Mediterranean or the Nordic countries, therefore, had to be discarded. However, this does not mean that in future they will be ignored.
- As a whole, European countries see forests as performing a triple function: biological, economic and recreational. The first is to act as a 'green lung' for our planet; by means of photosynthesis, forests produce oxygen through the transformation of solar energy, thus fulfilling what for humans is the essential role of an immense, non-polluting power plant. At the same time, forests provide raw materials for human activities through their constantly renewed production of wood. Finally, they offer those condemned to spend five days a week in an urban environment an unrivaled area of freedom to unwind and take part in a range of leisure activities, such as hunting, riding and hiking. The economic importance of forests has been understood since the dawn of man - wood was the first fuel. The other aspects have been recognised only for a few centuries but they are becoming more and more important. Hence, there is a real concern throughout Europe about the damage to the forest environment which threatens these three basic roles.
- The myth of the 'natural' forest has survived, yet there are effectively no remaining 'primary' forests in Europe. All European forests are artificial, having been adapted and exploited by man for thousands of years. This means that a forest policy is vital, that it must transcend national frontiers and generations of people, and that it must allow for the inevitable changes that take place in the forests, in needs, and hence in policy. The Strasbourg conference was one of the first events on such a scale to reach this conclusion. A general declaration was made that 'a central place in any ecologically coherent forest policy must be given to continuity over time and to the possible effects of unforeseen events, to ensure that the full potential of these forests is maintained'.
- That general declaration was accompanied by six detailed resolutions to 3ssist national policy making. The first proposes the extension and systematic sitter of surveillance sites to monitor forest decline. Forest decline is still poorly understood but leads to the loss of a high proportion of a tree's needles or leaves. The entire continent and the majority of species are now affected: between 30% and 50% of the tree population. The condition appears to result from the cumulative effect of a number of factors, with atmospheric pollutants the principal culprits. Compounds of nitrogen and sulphur dioxide should be particularly closely watched. However, their effects are probably accentuated by climatic factors, such as drought and hard winters, or soil imbalances such as soil acidification, which damages the roots. The second resolution concentrates on the need to preserve the genetic diversity of European forests. The aim is to reverse the decline in the number of tree species or at least to preserve the 'genetic material' of all of them. Although forest fires do not affect all of Europe to the same extent the amount of damage caused the experts to propose as the third resolution that the Strasbourg conference considers the establishment of a European databank on the subject. All information used in the development of national preventative policies would become generally available. The subject of the fourth resolution discussed by the ministers was mountain forests.
- In Europe, it is undoubtedly the mountain ecosystem which has changed most rapidly and is most at risk. A thinly scattered permanent population and development of. leisure activities, particularly skiing, have resulted in significant long-term changes to the local ecosystems. Proposed developments include a preferential research program on mountain forests. The fifth resolution stated that the European research network on the physiology of trees, called Euro Silva, should support joint European research on tree diseases and their physiological and biochemical aspects. Each country concerned could increase "the number of scholarships and other financial support for doctoral theses and research projects in this area, finally, the conference established the framework for a European research network on forest ecosystems. This would also involve harmonizing activities in individual countries as well as identifying a number of priority research topics relating to the protection of forests The Strasbourg conference's main concern was to provide for the future. This was the initial motivation, one now shared by all 31 participants representing 31 European countries. Their final text commits them to on-going discussion between government representatives with responsibility for forests.
Section 2
Solution and Explanation
Questions 27-33
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
In boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information-
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
- Forest problems of Mediterranean countries are to be discussed at the next meeting of experts.
Answer: Not Given
Explanation: There has been no relevant information provided in the paragraph related to the question statement. So, the correct answer is Not Given.
- Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside the European - Economic Community.
Answer: False
Supporting Statement: Those confined to particular geographical areas, such as countries bordering the Mediterranean or the Nordic countries, therefore, had to be discarded. However, this does not mean that in future they will be ignored.
Keywords: Bordering, Nordic Countries
Keyword Location: Paragraph 1
Explanation: As per the paragraph 1, The nordic countries problem was excluded because their confinement to a particular geographical area not because they were not part of EEC. So, the statement of the question is False.
- Forests are a renewable source of raw material.
Answer: True
Supporting Statement: At the same time, forests provide raw materials for human activities through their constantly renewed production of wood.
Keywords: renewed, forests
Keyword Location: Paragraph 2
Explanation: As per the paragraph 2, forests are a renewable source of raw materials. All the raw materials are extracted from the forests and it is renewable. So, the statement of the question is correct.
- The biological functions of forests were recognised only in the twentieth century.
Answer: False
Supporting Statement: The economic importance of forests has been understood since the dawn of man - wood was the first fuel. The other aspects have been recognised only for a few centuries but they are becoming more and more important.
Keywords: importance, understood
Keyword Location: Paragraph 2
Explanation: As per paragraph 2, the importance of forests and its resources was understood at the time of dawn of men. It has not just emerged in the 2oth centuries. So, the statement in the question is contradictory to the actual information. So, the answer is False.
- Natural forests still exist in parts of Europe.
Answer: False
Supporting Statement: The myth of the 'natural' forest has survived, yet there are effectively no remaining 'primary' forests in Europe.
Keywords: natural, primary
Keyword Location: Paragraph 3
Explanation: As per the paragraph 3, there are no natural forests in Europe. The natural forests have been extinct and remaining forests are the primary forests. So, the question statement is contradictory to the actual information. So, the answer is False.
- Forest policy should be limited by national boundaries.
Answer: False
Supporting Statement: This means that a forest policy is vital, that it must transcend national frontiers and generations of people, and that it must allow for the inevitable changes that take place in the forests, in needs, and hence in policy.
Keywords: forest policy, inevitable change
Keyword Location: Paragraph 3
Explanation: As per the paragraph 3, forest policy should transcend national frontiers and generations of people. iIt should not be just limited to national boundaries. But it should serve the protection of forests all over the world. So, the statement of the question is contradictory. So, the statement is false.
- The Strasbourg conference decided that a forest policy must allow for the possibility of change.
Answer: True
Supporting Statement: The Strasbourg conference was one of the first events on such a scale to reach this conclusion. A general declaration was made that 'a central place in any ecologically coherent forest policy must be given to continuity over time and to the possible effects of unforeseen events, to ensure that the full potential of these forests is maintained'.
Keywords: Strasbourg conference, continuity
Keyword Location: Paragraph 3
Explanation: As per paragraph 3, The Strasbourg conference decided that the forest policy must allow the possibility of change. It suggested the full potential of forests should be maintained. So, the statement is True.
Questions 34-39
Look at the following statements issued by the conference.
Which six of the following statements. A-J, refer to the resolutions that were issued?
Match the statements with the appropriate resolutions (Questions 34-39).
Write the correct letter. A-J. in boxes 34-39 on your answer sheet.
- All kinds of species of trees should be preserved.
- Fragile mountain forests should be given priority in research programs.
- The surviving natural forests of Europe do not need priority treatment.
- Research is to be better coordinate throughout Europe:
- Information on forest fires should be collected and shared.
- Loss Of leaves from trees should be more extensively and carefully monitored
- Resources should be allocated to research into tree diseases.
- Skiing should be encouraged in thinly populated areas.
- Soil imbalances such as acidification should be treated with compounds of nitrogen and sulphur.
- Information is to be systematically gathered on any decline in the condition of forests.
- Resolution 1
Answer: J
Supporting Statement: The first proposes the extension and systematic sitter of surveillance sites to monitor forest decline.
Keywords: Systematic, forests
Keyword Location: Paragraph 4
Explanation: As per paragraph 4, the first resolution was the extension and systematization of the surveillance sites to monitor forest decline. SAo, the Correct answer is J as per the explanation provided.
- Resolution 2
Answer: A
Supporting Statement: The second resolution concentrates on the need to preserve the genetic diversity of European forests. The aim is to reverse the decline in the number of tree species or at least to preserve the 'genetic material' of all of
them.
Keywords: preserve, genetic diversity
Keyword Location: Paragraph 4
Explanation: As clearly mentioned in paragraph 4, the second resolution stated the preservation of genetic species in European forests. This meant the preservation of all different kinds of species. So, the correct answer is A as per the paragraph 4.
- Resolution 3
Answer: E
Supporting Statement: Although forest fires do not affect all of Europe to the same extent the amount of damage caused the experts to propose as the third resolution that the Strasbourg conference considers the establishment of a European databank on the subject. All information used in the development of national preventative policies would become generally available.
Keywords: Information, forests
Keyword Location: Paragraph 4
Explanation: As per paragraph 4, the third resolution stated the collection of information related to the forests. It suggested a database of the subject. So, the correct answer is E, as per the explanation provided for the same.
- Resolution 4
Answer: B
Supporting Statement: The subject of the fourth resolution discussed by the ministers was mountain forests.
Keywords: Mountain forests, ministers
Keyword Location: Paragraph 4
Explanation: As per the paragraph 4, the fourth revolution marked the importance and preservation of mountain forests. These criteria for their preservation were mentioned. So, the correct answer is , as per the paragraph 4 and explanation provided for the same.
- Resolution 5
Answer: G
Supporting Statement: The fifth resolution stated that the European research network on the physiology of trees, called Euro Silva, should support joint European research on tree diseases and their physiological and biochemical aspects.
Keywords: Euro Silva, Tree diseases
Keyword Location: Paragraph 5
Explanation: As per paragraph 5, the fifth resolution stated the research network on physiology of trees called Euro Silva. This included research on tree diseases and their prevention. So, the correct answer is G.
- Resolution 6
Answer: D
Supporting Statement: finally, the conference established the framework for a European research network on forest ecosystems.
Keywords: Finally, Framework
Keyword Location: Paragraph 5
Explanation: As per paragraph 5, the final resolution stated the joint framework for the preservation of European forests and the cooperation of these resolutions all over Europe. So, the correct answer is D.
Question 40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.
- What is the best title for this Reading Passage?
- The biological, economic and recreational role of forests
- Plans to protect the forests of Europe
- The priority of European research into ecosystems
- Proposals for a worldwide policy on forest management
Answer: B
Supporting Statement: as the initial motivation, one now shared by all 31 participants representing 31 European countries. Their final text commits them to on-going discussion between government representatives with responsibility for forests.
Keywords: initial movement, European countries.
Keyword Location: Paragraph 5
Explanation: As per paragraph 5, the major purpose of the resolution was to protect forests and on-hoing discussion to be made in regards to the same. So, the best title for the paragraph would be B, Plant to protect the forests of Europe.
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