Food is essential for the growing & development and endurance of a considerable number of life forms. To cater to the need of the expanding populace, it is important to build food production. Plant reproduction, creature cultivation, and modern technology like tissue culture, hereditary engineering, undeveloped organism, etc are some of the major topics that candidates should cover while preparing for NEET. 

• The weightage of this not very high in comparison to other chapters but still candidates can score 4 to 8 positive marks from this chapter. Check NEET Exam Pattern

• Candidates can expect direct questions from this chapter and to answer direct questions you need a clear understanding of basic topics. 

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Animal & Creature Husbandry, Animal Breeding, and its types and other major topics have been explained in detail in the article below. Candidtes can also check the sample questions that will help in understanding the type and difficulty level of questions. 

Must Read: 

• NEET Study Notes for Ecosystem

• NEET Study Notes for Plant Kingdom

• NEET Study Notes for Microbes in Human Welfare

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Types of Revolution

1. Blue Revolution – Fish production.

2. Green Revolution – Food grains.

3. Red Revolution – Meat production.

4. Silver Fiber Revolution – Cotton production.

5. White Revolution – Milk/dairy production

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Animal & Creature Husbandry 

It is an act of raising and reproducing animals (wild oxen, steers, sheep, cow, and so on.). It also includes poultry cultivation and fisheries. 

Different steps of Animal Husbandry

1. Feeding

2. Breeding

3. Maintaining hygiene

4. Controlling diseases

5. Storage and transport

6. Marketing of animal products

Dairy farm the board and poultry farm the board is required to choose a great variety having high yielding potential and infection safe assortments.

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Animal Breeding and Types 

A breed is a gathering of creatures of similar species, that are connected in plunge and have the same feature and appearance. 

There are two sorts of reproducing, Inbreeding and Outbreeding 

Inbreeding: 

• It alludes to reproducing among male and female and of a similar variety for 4 to 6 ages. For this reason superior male and prevalent females are chosen and mated. 

• Inbreeding advances homozygosity and is required for developing unadulterated lines or genuine reproducing species as was the case in Mendel's examination. 

• Inbreeding expels undesirable genes and collects predominant qualities. 

• Inbreeding despondency results from persistent inbreeding. Here, efficiency, just as fertility decreases, which can be restored by mating with disconnected unrivaled creatures. 

Outbreeding: 

• It alludes to mating unrelated creatures. This can be of three sorts: 

Out-intersection

• It is mating of a similar variety, which don't have a typical predecessor. This aids in beating inbreeding depression. 

Cross-reproducing

•  It helps in joining predominant qualities of two breeds. For this reason prevalent male of one variety are mated with predominant females of another variety. 

• Hissardale - Result of cross-rearing of Merino rams (guys) and Bikaneri ewes (female), another type of sheep is produced in Punjab. 

Interspecific hybridization

• Breeding between two unique and related species. 

• Donkey A half and half of a female jackass and a male pony. 

• Controlled reproducing tests are done to defeat a few issues identified with ordinary mating. Planned impregnation is used for control reproducing. Semen might be used quickly or solidified and can be moved to utilize later on. 

• Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology - (MOET) increments effective hybridisation possibilities. 

In this method, the cow is given hormones like FSH (Follicle-animating hormone) to actuate follicular development. This outcome in the creation of progressively (6-8) eggs contrasted with one out of an ordinary cycle. Mating or managed impregnation is finished with the semen of an elite bull and the prepared eggs (at the phase of 8-32 cells) are moved to surrogate moms.

Sample Question

Question: From the following which one is an improved variety of wheat?

A) A.77

B) Sonalika

C) Chandramukhi

D) Kuber

Answer: B

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Poultry

• Poultry is raised on domesticated fowls (chicken), ducks, geese, turkeys, guinea fowls, pigeons, partridges, and so on for meat and eggs. 

• Poultry and poultry items are a rich wellspring of creature protein and the correct sort of fats for good wellbeing. 

• In our country, poultry mostly implies training of chickens for meat and eggs. 

• Poultry feathered creatures are anything but difficult to raise and can adjust to a wide scope of atmospheric conditions. They are productive (exceptionally conceptive and have a short life expectancy). 

• Poultry cultivation yields quick return needs little space and is simple to oversee. 

• Chickens are reared in enormous states in exceptional spots called poultry farms. 

• The poultry feathered creatures are kept in dry agreeable and very much ventilated confines. 

• Household fowl (Gallus domesticus) establish a significant poultry bird. 

• Poultry feathered creatures solely developed for meat are called grills (e.g., Plymouth rock), layers are for egg creation, the cockerel is youthful male fowls and chicken is adult male fowls. 

• Boilers are commonly quick developing winged creatures which are for the most part guys yet can also be female. Boilers are sold in new and solidified structures in the wake of dressing (expulsion of plumes, head, and feet).

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Honey beekeeping (Apiculture) 

It is the support of a bee sanctuary of bumblebees for the creation of nectar. Honey is a supplement rich compound removed from bee sanctuaries. Beeswax is utilized in different ventures to get ready beauty care products, shines, and so forth. Apis indica is the most widely recognized type of honey bee. 

Sample Question

Question: Number of queens in a hive is

A) 20

B) 15

C) 20

D) 1

Answer: D

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Fisheries 

• Blue revolution is identified with an expansion in the creation of fishes and other amphibian creatures. 

• Aquaculture is reproducing and raising amphibian greenery (fish, molluscs, shellfish) and fauna (oceanic plants and green growth) for business use. Extensive aquaculture is done in seas, waterways or lakes, while serious aquaculture is done in lakes and tanks. 

• Pisciculture is fish cultivating to get palatable fish and fish items. In polyculture, various fishes are refined together. In monoculture, various species are refined independently.

Must Read: 

• NEET Study Notes for Molecular Basis of Inheritance

• NEET Study Notes for Biological Classification

• NEET Study Notes for Reproduction

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Plant Breeding 

• Plant reproduction is a manipulative variety of plants to get desired attributes in plant species, for example, unrivaled quality, high return and sickness obstruction. 

• The Green Revolution alludes to expanded creation of food to meet the population necessity. The green revolution in India was established by M. S. Swaminathan. Present day techniques and advancements are utilized for this reason, for example utilization of composts, pesticides, high yielding seeds,irrigation facilities, and so on. 

• High return assortments of wheat and rice have significantly added to the expansion in food grain creation. 

• Plant reproduction is never really yielded, improving quality, resilience to ecological pressure, protection from different pathogens and nuisances. 

Governments and different organizations run plant reproducing programs around the world. The means to yield another hereditary assortment of plant are: 

• Assortment of inconstancy - It is the collection of all the variety of a given yield. All the various alleles for all the qualities of a plant are gathered. It is known as germplasm assortment. 

• Assessment and determination of guardians - The germplasm is assessed for the ideal attribute. 

• Cross hybridization - Two desired characters are joined, for example, illness obstruction plant is cross-reproduced with a plant having high protein content. Determination and testing of unrivaled recombinants having desired characters are chosen and self-pollinated for different ages to get homozygosity. This guarantees characters don't segregate in the next generation. 

• The commercialisation of new cultivars - Proper quality check is accomplished for yield and different characteristics like disease resistance. For this reason, the yield is developed in a research field under controlled conditions. 

Assessment is trailed by testing in farmers fields all around the country for three back to back seasons.

Sample Question

Question: Which among the following oils has the maximum protein content? 

A) Castor oil

B) Sunflower oil

C) Soyabean oil

D) Safflower oil

Answer: A

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A portion of the high yielding assortments of crossbreed Indian harvests 

Wheat: Norman E Borlaug created semi-predominate assortments of wheat in Mexico. It expanded the creation of wheat from 11 million to 75 million tons. 

Sonalika and Kalyan Sona are high-yielding and illness safe wheat assortments developed in India. 

Rice: Semi-predominate assortments of rice were obtained from IR-8 (created in Philippines) and Taichung Native-1 (Taiwan). 

Jaya and Ratna are semi-predominate rice assortments created in India 

Sugar stick: Two distinctive sugarcane species, Saccharum barberi (developed in north India) and sugar-rich Saccharum officinarum (developed in South India and have thick stems) were cross-reared effectively to get sugarcane, high in yield, sugar substance and thick stem, that can be developed in North India as well. 

Millets: High yielding and impervious to water pressure assortment of jowar, maize and bajra are created in India.

Sample Question

Question: The principal cereal crop in India is

A) wheat

B) rice

C) maize

D) sorghum

Answer: B

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Plant Breeding for Disease Resistance 

• Around 20-30% of yields are lost because of different sicknesses brought about by microbes, infections, and organisms. 

• Malady safe assortments are created by the traditional strategy (hybridization and choice) or by transformation technique. Hereditary engineering and determination among somaclonal variations are used to get ailment safe assortment. 

A portion of the instances of diseases safe assortments, that are created by the traditional technique for hybridization and determination are: 

Plant Breeding for Pest Resistance 

There is an enormous scope of annihilation of yields because of insects and pests. The procedure of the advancement of bug safe assortments is like disease resistance. 

A portion of the instances of irritation safe assortments created and being used industrially are: 

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Plant Breeding for Improved Food Quality

Methods Of Plant Breeding

• Plant introduction and Acclimatization

• Selection

• Hybridization

• Polyploid breeding

• Mutation breeding

• Tissue culture

Other than ailment resistance, bother obstruction and high return, it is also significant for harvests to have more greater supplement and incentive to kill supplement inadequacy maladies. 

We can improve public wellbeing by delivering supplement rich yields, which will have more advantageous fat, higher protein, nutrients and minerals content. 

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Biofortification

• The way toward reproducing supplement rich harvests is known as biofortification. 

• Yields with improved healthy benefit have improved quality and substance of protein, oil, nutrients, micronutrient and mineral substance. 

• IARI (Indian Agricultural Research Institute), New Delhi has discharged numerous assortments of vegetables plentiful in nutrients and minerals. 

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Tissue Culture 

• Tissue culture is the way toward developing the entire plant structure. 

• The limit of an explant (some portion of the plant) or a cell to recover the entire plant is known as totipotency. 

• Micropropagation is a technique for delivering thousands of plants using tissue culture. The medium ought to be wealthy in supplements. It ought to have a carbon source (sucrose), development controllers (auxins, cytokinins), nutrients, inorganic salts and amino acids

• The tissue culture strategy is additionally helpful in disposing of malady contaminations. The apical and axillary meristem is free from viral infections, which can be removed and become in vitro to get a flourishing plant. Meristems of banana, potato and sugarcane have been refined effectively. 

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Plant Introduction And Acclimatization 

• This is the simplest and most quick technique for crop improvement. The development or foundation of a plant to another spot, by the move from its focal point of beginning, is known as plant introduction. 

• If plant material is brought from an outside nation, at that point it is known as an intriguing assortment and in the event that it is brought from some other spot of a similar nation, at that point it is known as "Indigenous assortment". 

Selection

• This is generally crude and the least complex strategy utilized for crop improvement. 

• Selection is sifting through the plants having wanted characters e.g., high return or malady opposition from plant populace based on homozygous characters. 

• Plant determination is constantly done by raisers, e.g., if there should arise an occurrence of maize dispersal and engendering is finished by man, subsequently it is known as "spoiled corn." 

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Polyploid Breeding 

• The plants which have multiple arrangements of chromosomes are known as polyploids. 

• There are different sorts of plants based on chromosome set numbers. E.g., monoploid, diploid, triploid, pentaploid (e.g., wheat) and hexaploid, etc. 

• Triploidy is a general event in different yield plants. These triploids are typically seedless or parthenocarpic, e.g., a large portion of the banana species are triploid henceforth, their natural products are seedless (parthenocarpic). 

Transformation Breeding

• Transformation causes an adjustment in the quality arrangement. Change can be induced artificial to get the ideal quality, which was absent prior. 

• For Example: The new assortment of Mung beans have been created by mutation, that is resistance to fine mold illness and yellow mosaic infection. 

• It is essential to have infections safe quality alongside high yielding capacity. To get this mix, sickness safe qualities are moved to high yielding assortments by sexual hybridisation. Another assortment of bhindi, that is impervious to the yellow mosaic infection was created and called Parbhani Kranti. The sickness opposition quality was moved from a wild animal category.

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Physical Hybridisation

• It is the way toward combining stripped protoplasts (protoplast with the plasma layer, in the wake of processing cell mass) of cells of two distinct assortments of plants having alluring qualities. The plants developed by this strategy are known as physical cross breeds. 

• Pomato has been created utilizing potato and tomato however didn't contain the alluring mix of traits to be utilized monetarily. 

A few instances of biofortified crops produced are:

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Single Cell Protein

(SCP): Single-cell protein is one of the wellsprings of protein and can meet the prerequisite for the sustenance of ever-expanding human and animal populations. 

To get SCP, microorganisms are developed on a modern scale. Blue green growth like Spirulina are a decent wellspring of supplements and can be developed effectively on wastewater from sewage, potato preparing plants, creature excrement and straw molasses. 

The microscopic organisms Methylophilus methylotrophus can create 25 tons of protein because of its high development rate and biomass production. Huge scope production of edible mushrooms is a developing industry. 

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Previous Year Solved Sample Questions

Question: Crop rotation is carried out for

A) increasing acidity of soil

B) decreasing fertility of soil

C) increasing fertility of soil

D) all the above

Answer: C

Question: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium are examples of

A) micro-nutrients

B) macronutrients

C) fertilizer

D) both [a] and [b]

Answer: B

Question: From the following which one is an Italian bee variety?

A) Apis mellifera

B) Apis dorsata

C) Apis florae

D) Apis cerana indica

Answer: A

Question: From the following rotation of crops will reduce dependence on the use of chemical fertilizers?

A) Rice and Chilli

B) Wheat and Potato

C) Potato and Rice

D) Gram and Rice

Answer: D

Question: The nutritional diet of poultry birds includes

A) cereals, oil cakes, milk cakes, green vegetables

B) millets, proteins, oil cakes only

C) cereals, proteins, oil cakes, green vegetables, millets

D) proteins, oil cakes, cereals only

Answer: C

Question: He is known as an Architect of green revolution

A) Dr. Norman E Borlaug.

B) Dr. Radha Krishnan

C) Dr. A.P.J. Kalam

D) M.S. Swaminathan

Answer: D

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How to Prepare fo NEET 2020 Biology?

NEET 2020 is scheduled to be held on September 13, 2020. It will be very helpful for candidates to keep the entire syllabus in perspective for a good preparation plan. It is also critical that one strictly follows to the study plan and makes changes as one moves ahead. 

• Keep in mind your weak and strong areas.
• Candidates may use initials from the main elements in the categories to establish mnemonic phrases.
• Choose the best books.
• Do revision by making diagrams like charts, tables, or maps which is vital for rational understanding and data inculcation. 
• Practice the elimination method.
• Make mental notes.
• Make a habit of solving questions first that you understand at first go to avoid any negative marking.
• Attempt mock tests and papers from previous years.
• Leave no topic undone.

Read More Study Plan and Timetable for NEET 2020