GATE 2025 ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION PATTERN
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Table of Contents
GATE Exam Pattern for Ecology and Evolution: Question Paper Pattern and Marking Scheme
GATE Exam Pattern for Ecology and Evolution: The Ecology and Evolution Exam of GATE 2023 will be consisting of six sections including General Aptitude, Ecology, Evolution, Mathematics and Quantitative Ecology, Behavioral Ecology & Applied Ecology & Evolution. Check GATE EY Syllabus
GATE EY will be a computer based exam of 3 hours and will be held in shifts. EY Paper of GATE 2023 will be of 65 questions for total 100 marks with MCQs, MSQs and NATs type questions. There will be two sections General Aptitude (GA) and core subject. General Aptitude section is common for all the papers comprising of 15 marks and the rest 85 marks will cover the respective selected subject. The detailed pattern of the question papers can be found on our website under Exam section. The core GATE Ecology and Evolution Question Paper will consist of 55 questions altogether of 85 marks.
The candidates who opt for Ecology and Evolution (EY) as their first paper in GATE 2023 can apply for Life Sciences (XL) as their second paper. GATE 2023 Ecology and Evolution paper is scheduled to be held in the first week of February 2023 (tentative). The exam will be held in multiple shifts.
GATE 2023 EY Exam Pattern
| Examination Mode | Computer Based Test (CBT) |
| Duration | 3 Hours (180 Minutes) |
| Sectional Time Limit | None |
| Total Marks | 100 |
| Total Number of questions | 65 |
| Number of Subjects (Papers) | 29 |
| Number of Sections | 2 (General Aptitude and Core Subject) |
| Type of Questions | Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ), Multiple Select Questions (MSQ) & Numerical Answer Type (NAT) Questions |
| Marking Scheme | 1 or 2 marks for each correct answer |
| Negative Marking | For 1 mark MCQ, 1/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer; For 2 mark MCQ, 2/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer; No negative marking is for MSQs and NATs |
GATE 2023 EY Marking Scheme
| Type of questions | Negative marking for wrong answers | Marking for correct answers |
|---|---|---|
| MCQs |
| 1 or 2 marks |
| MSQs & NATs | No negative marking | 1 or 2 marks |
GATE 2023 Negative Marking
Negative marking is only for MCQs.
- 1/3rd marks are deducted for every wrong 1-mark MCQ.
- 2/3rd marks are deducted for every wrong 2-marks MCQ.
GATE 2023 EY Syllabus
Section 1: Ecology Fundamental concepts: Abiotic and biotic components; scales (population, species, community, ecosystems, biomes); niches and habitats. Population ecology: Population growth rates (density dependent/independent); metapopulation ecology (colonization, persistence, extinction, patches, sources, sinks); age-structured populations. Interactions: Types (mutualism, symbiosis, commensalism, competition, parasitism, predation, etc); ecophysiology (physiological adaptations to abiotic environment); prey-predator interactions (LotkaVoltera equation etc) Community ecology: Community assembly, organization and succession; species richness, evenness and diversity indices, species-area relationships; theory of island biogeography Ecosystems structure and function: trophic levels and their interactions; nutrient cycles; primary and secondary productivity.
Section 2: Evolution History of Evolutionary thought: Lamarckism; Darwinism; Modern Synthesis Fundamentals: Variation; heritability; natural selection; fitness and adaptation; types of selection (stabilizing, directional, disruptive) Diversity of life: Origin and history of life on earth; diversity and classification of life; systems of classification (cladistics and phenetics) Life history strategies: Allocation of resources; tradeoffs; r/K selection; semelparity and iteroparity Interactions: Co-evolution (co-adaptations, arms race, Red Queen hypothesis, co-speciation); preypredator interactions (mimicry, crypsis, etc) Population and Quantitative genetics: Origins of genetic variation; Mendelian genetics; HardyWeinberg equilibrium; drift; selection (one-locus two-alleles model); population genetic structure (panmixia, gene flow, FST); polygenic traits; gene-environment interactions (phenotypic plasticity); heritability Molecular evolution and phylogenetics: Neutral theory; molecular clocks; rates of evolution; phylogenetic reconstruction; molecular systematics Macroevolution: Species concepts and speciation; adaptive radiation; convergence; biogeography.
Section 3: Mathematics and Quantitative Ecology Mathematics and statistics in ecology: Simple functions (linear, quadratic, exponential, logarithmic, etc); concept of derivatives and slope of a function; permutations and combinations; basic probability (probability of random events; sequences of events, etc); frequency distributions and their descriptive statistics (mean, variance, coefficient of variation, correlation, etc). Statistical hypothesis testing: Concept of p-value; Type I and Type II error, test statistics like t-test and Chi-square test; basics of linear regression and ANOVA.
Section 4: Behavioural Ecology Classical Ethology: Instinct; fixed action patters; imprinting; learnt behavior; proximate and ultimate questions Sensory ecology: Neuroethology; communication (chemical, acoustic and visual signaling); recognition systems Foraging ecology: Foraging behaviour; optimal foraging theory Reproduction: Cost of sex; sexual dimorphism; mate choice; sexual selection (runaway selection, good-genes, handicap principle, etc); sexual conflict; mating systems; parental care. Social living: Costs and benefits of group-living (including responses to predators); effect of competition (scramble and contest) on group formation; dominance relationships; eusociality; kin selection; altruism; reciprocity; human behaviour.
Section 5: Applied Ecology & Evolution Biodiversity and conservation: Importance of conserving biodiversity; ecosystem services; threats to biodiversity; invasive species; in-situ conservation (endemism, biodiversity hotspots, protected areas); ex-situ conservation; conservation genetics (genetic diversity, inbreeding depression); DNA fingerprinting and DNA barcoding Disease ecology and evolution: Epidemiology; zoonotic diseases; antibiotic resistance; vector Control Plant and animal breeding: Marker assisted breeding; genetic basis of economically important traits Global climate change: Causes; consequences; mitigation.
GATE 2023 EY- Expected Weightage of Topics
GATE question papers are divided into two sections. 85 marks cover the core subject of the GATE Exam. Here the Core Subject is Ecology and Evolution. Given below is the estimated sectional Weightage of GATE EY 2023.
| Parts | Number of Questions | Scope per Question |
|---|---|---|
| General Aptitude | 5 | 1 |
| 5 | 2 | |
| Core Subject | 25 | 1 |
| 30 | 2 | |
| Total | 65 |
GATE 2023 EY Preparation
Candidates preparing For GATE exam can check the paper pattern to know the nature of questions. It will help the candidates to strategize, prepare accordingly and crack GATE examination.
- Know the Syllabus: The most essential step that one need to follow is to check the syllabus of the respective disciplines. It will help in making a strong preparation plan. Simultaneously, it will also help in figuring out the topics on which one needs to focus more.
- Know the Exam Pattern: It is suggested that before proceeding further for studies, go through the GATE exam pattern first.
- Make Study Plan: After analyzing the exam pattern and the syllabus of the core subject, one can proceed with designing the study plan. The study plan will help in organizing the schedule and topics and it will become easier to complete the study materials.
- Start Early: GATE requires consistency and long-term preparation. It is recommended to begin the study as early as possible because it will provide enough time to understand the topics and also the revision. It is suggested to start preparing for the GATE exam from the second year of engineering.
- Reference: Referring the right books will strengthen the knowledge. GATE aspirants should consult with their mentors and do proper research before purchasing the books for preparation.
- Practice: is the key to success. Practicing previous year GATE paper and mock tests is the required way of getting acquainted with the GATE exam pattern.
- Time Management: For the competitive exam, time is an important factor. One need to learn how to manage the time in the examination
- Revision: Revise what you learn. After completion of all the topics, start building a strategy for your revision.
Best Books for Preparation
Ecology and Evolution is one of the important subjects that conduct scientific research in all areas. It mostly describes the study of ecology by considering the evolution of species and the association between them. One must know the GATE Syllabus 2023 before actually commencing the exam preparation. Ecology is the study of organisms and their interactions while evolution gives a detailed understanding of its origin and life sciences. To get the best score in the entrance test, the candidates need to go through the best Reference Books. Some of them are mentioned below:
| GATE Ecology And Evolution Reference Books | Author | Price (INR) |
|---|---|---|
| Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution & Ecology | Verma P.S., Agarwal V.K. | 849 |
| Test & Evaluation: Life Sciences / Biotechnology | Kumar Pranav & Mina Usha | 274 |
| Fundamentals and Techniques of Biophysics and Molecular Biology | Pranav Kumar | 280 |
| Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology | Keith Wilson and John Walker | 675 |
| Microbiology | Michael Pelczar, Jr. | 2070.90 |
| Games of Life: Explorations in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior | Karl Sigmund, Dover Publications | 6929 |
GATE EY: Previous Year Question Papers
Solving previous years' GATE Ecology and Evolution (EY) question paper gives an insight into the important topics from the syllabus and helps with the exam preparation in accordance with the time. Check the link below to get all the previous years’ question papers.
| Download GATE Ecology and Evolution Question Paper |
Ecology and Evolution Engineering and its Scope
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment, and evolutionary biology studies the evolutionary process that produces and modifies the diversity of life on earth.
Ecology and evolution is good subject to do research. After GATE one has many opportunities like they can become an ecologist, environmental consultant, natural resource manager, geneticist etc.
Some of the best colleges in India for Ecology and Evolution are:
- Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment, New Delhi
- Assam University
- Nalanda University, Bihar
- Pragyan International University –PIU, Ranchi, Jharkhand.
GATE 2023 Ecology and Evolution (EY) Exam Pattern FAQs
Ques: What is the pattern of Ecology and Evolution (EY) GATE 2023 exam?
Ans:
| GATE EY Examination Mode | Computer Based Test (CBT) |
| GATE EY Exam Duration | 3 Hours (180 Minutes) |
| GATE EY Sectional Time Limit | None |
| GATE EY Total Marks | 100 |
| GATE EY Total Number of questions | 65 |
| GATE EY Type of Questions | MCQs, MSQs and NATs |
| GATE EY Number of Sections | Two- General Aptitude and Core Discipline |
| GATE EY Marking Scheme | 1 or 2 marks for each correct answer |
| GATE EY Negative Marking | For 1 mark MCQ, 1/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer; For 2-mark MCQ, 2/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer; No negative marking for MSQs and NATs |
Ques: What is the marking scheme in GATE 2023 Ecology and Evolution (EY) paper?
Ans: As per the marking scheme for GATE 2023 Ecology and Evolution (EY), there is 1 and 2 mark questions asked in the exam. There is no negative marking for MSQs and NATs. However, each incorrect MCQ leads to deduction in marks.
- 1/3 mark is deducted for each incorrect 1 mark question
- 2/3 mark is deducted for each incorrect 2 marks question
Ques: What are the sections included in the GATE Ecology and Evolution syllabus 2023?
Ans: The important sections included in the GATE Ecology and Evolution syllabus 2023 are- General Aptitude, Ecology, Evolution, Applied ecology and evolution, Mathematics and quantitative ecology and Behavioural ecology.
Ques: What is the section- wise number of questions asked according to the GATE syllabus for EY?
Ans: Based on the GATE EY Syllabus 2023, the section-wise number of questions asked is as under-
- General Aptitude- 10 questions
- Ecology and Evolution- 55 questions.
Ques: What are the best books to prepare for the GATE Ecology and Evolution syllabus 2023?
Ans: The best-recommended books which are helpful in preparing for the GATE Ecology and Evolution syllabus 2023 are mentioned below.
- Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution & Ecology.
- Test & Evaluation: Life Sciences / Biotechnology
- Fundamentals and Techniques of Biophysics and Molecular Biology
- Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Microbiology
- Games of Life: Explorations in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior
- Fundamentals of Ecology- Eugene Odum
- Organic Evolution- Veer Bala Rastogi
- Global Philosophical and Ecological concepts- Rudi Jansma
- Ecology: Theories and Applications- Peter Stiling
Ques: What are the topics included in the General Aptitude section of the GATE EY syllabus?
Ans: As per the GATE Ecology and Evolution syllabus, the topics included in the General Aptitude section are- Verbal Aptitude, Analytical Aptitude, Numerical Aptitude and Spatial Aptitude.
Ques: What resources can be referred for GATE syllabus for Ecology and Evolution?
Ans: The candidates can refer to the graduation level books for preparing the GATE EY syllabus 2023. They can even refer to GATE website for preparation.
Ques: How should I prepare for the GATE EY syllabus 2023?
Ans: Candidates can follow the below-mentioned tips to prepare for the GATE Ecology and Evolution syllabus:
- Make a preparation timetable.
- Understand the exam pattern and syllabus.
- Study the topics carefully.
- Give mock tests before the exam.
Ques: What will be the difficulty level of the questions in GATE 2023 Ecology and Evolution (EY) paper?
Ans: Based on the previous year paper analysis, the difficulty level of GATE 2023 Ecology and Evolution paper will be moderate to tough.
- GATE 2023 EY paper might be inclined majorly towards numerical-type questions. Candidates might require an analytical approach and an in-depth knowledge of concepts to solve the paper.
- With more number of numerical type questions, the exam may be time-consuming requiring candidates to work on their calculations and speed.
Candidates are advised to prepare for all the topics and sub-topics from GATE EY and take as many practice papers as possible, managing the time.
GATE 2025 : 20 Answered QuestionsView All
Ans. An MS from IIT Kanpur is considered to be a highly respected and prestigious degree. The MS program at IIT Kanpur is reputed for its focus on excellent research and its strong focus on practical, hands-on learning. As an MS student, you get to work with some of the most experienced and respected scholars and researchers in their fields, which gives an insight into the latest industry developments and trends. Additionally, not being located near metropolitan areas, IIT Kanpur gives a peaceful learning environment and students don’t spend much time partying or clubbing. Although it is a 2-year program, with the right determination one can complete it in 18 months also. If you are true to your passion you can also complete a Ph.D. under an experienced thesis advisor and won’t have to go to a foreign university for a Ph.D. Overall, an MS from IIT Kanpur is a valuable and highly esteemed program that offers many opportunities in terms of career and professional advancement. Although it is challenging, the learning experience is worth the effort. Read more
Ans. Andhra University M.Tech admission is done in two ways, i.e. through GATE and through AP PGECET. To get admission, you need to have a valid GATE score or you need to score a valid rank in AP PGECET. Soon, Andhra University will release the notification for AP PGECET. Here are the tentative dates. Event Tentative dates Notification release date Second week of July 2022 Application form available Second week of July 2022 Admit card release date Second week of September 2022 Exam date Third week of September 2022 Result Second week of October 2022 Andhra University will release the application form online. Visit the official website of the institute regularly to get the updated information. Read more
Ans. Many GATE toppers leave PSU and join NITIE, instead of IITs because it offers better placements. Usually, students with good scores join ONGC, NTPC, BHEL, IOCL, and others. Despite the good salary, PSU jobs can get monotonous after a few years. So, the top rankers start looking for better career options. If they wish to do an MBA, they need to prepare for CAT. Some do prepare for CAT, but many join NITIE as it is an easier option. NITIE takes admission through GATE and the GATE score is valid for 3 years. So, they can easily get admission based on their GATE score. Also, the institute has a great placement record. During the NITIE Mumbai placement in 2022, the average CTC offered was INR 25.41 LPA. The video below will convince you further to join NITIE Mumbai Overall, its the excellent opportunities offered by NITIE that makes mant GATE toppers leave PSU and join NITIE Read more
Ans. Here are some strategies that can help you prepare for GATE and ESE simultaneously. Compare the syllabus of GATE and ESE. Go through the previous years' questions of both. The technical portion of both examinations overlaps a lot. The major difference is question patterns and styles. Different types of questions are asked on the same topics. GATE tests aptitude for solving technical questions. While ESE puts more emphasis on technical details. Figure out which subjects contribute more to which examinations. If you have less time, start with GATE preparation. The topics can be covered easily and in less time. Once you are through GATE preparation, you can solve ESE questions without much difficulty. Focus on GATE and ESE preparations only. First, go through the syllabus thoroughly. Once you are done with the syllabus, go through your notes and solve previous years' questions. Solve test series, and review hard questions. Analyze the tests you give and work on your mistakes. Read more
Ans. GATE consists mostly of numerical questions. It tests the aptitude for solving questions in less time. BITS HD papers have 10-15 numerical questions usually. The numerical questions aren’t on the same level as GATE and are just formula-based problems. Usually, around 80-90% of BITS HD questions are theory oriented. You need to have a good grasp of your engineering subjects to score well in BITS HD. The questions can come from anywhere in the syllabus. BITS HD usually consists - 15 Mathematics questions (difficulty usually higher than GATE) 15 general English questions 70 Engineering discipline questions Also, note that BITS take admission based on GATE scores as well. Read more
Ans. The required GATE rank depends upon various parameters like The engineering branch Company (PSU) Number of vacancies for the stream People who are graduating in 3-4 years are lucky as both IOCL and ONGC are planning to recruit in bulk because of massive retirements in both the companies. The mechanical and chemical branches are expected to have the most vacancies. Candidates will be called in a 1:5 ratio and thus, interviews will be the major determining factor of your selection. If you are unable to showcase your knowledge and talent during the interview, even a single-digit rank cannot guarantee your admission. A minimum of 40% marks are required to pass the interview. So if you get a call for the interview, don’t let your rank discourage you or even make you overconfident. Read more
Ans. Sikkim Manipal University has been ranked at 17 for Private Engineering by India Today in 2020. The largest department within the institution is the CSE department and it has also won the best department in SMIT multiple times. Admissions: Class 12th with mandatory subjects in Physics, Maths, Chemistry/computer science/biology is the prerequisite for admission to CSE at Sikkim Manipal. SMIT online, MET, JEE Mains is the examinations accepted for BTech admission. The total intake for CSE is 180 and the course fee is 12.20 lakhs. Curriculum: The University offers a well-structured and detailed curriculum with exposure to major areas of computer science like Big data analytics, robotics, cloud computing, ethical hacking, and more. The course structure focuses on providing students with knowledge of the core subjects of computer science in order to strengthen their foundation and make them industry-ready. Faculty: The university has 33 highly experienced and qualified faculties for CS. The faculty members also conduct seminars and workshops with esteemed institutions like ISRO, IIT, and TIFR. Infrastructure: The University offers a great infrastructure for the CSE department as it receives funding from two highly esteemed agencies, AICTE and ISRO. There are nine state-of-the-art practical labs like the Networking lab, digital circuit and microprocessor labs, GIS and remote sensing lab, advanced programming lab, and more. It also has a huge library with over 2500 journals and books dedicated to the CSE branch. It has been updated with modern facilities and infrastructure all across the campus in order to provide students with the best experience. Placements: AGS Infotech, Amazon, Britannia, Cipla, Capgemini are some of the major recruiters at the institute. Placement Rate within CSE 92.5% Lowest CTC 3.5 LPA Average CTC 5 LPA Highest CTC 18 LPA Sikkim Manipal University is a great option for students who want to pursue a BTech degree program in the CSE department. Read more
Ans. It depends on your career goals. GATE offers more options for engineering students. It is an all-around examination. You can go for MTech, PSUs, MS, and FRM. If you want more options, GATE will be better for you. If you want to do an MBA, after graduation, CAT will be the better option. Almost all top B-Schools accept CAT scores for MBA. Read more
Ans. IIT Roorkee admission 2023 hasn’t been wrapped up yet, hence its GATE cutoff too hasn’t been released as of now. M.Tech admission process of IIT Roorkee is conducted on the basis of the GATE cutoff, and all the candidates applying for admission into the M.Tech course under the non-sponsored category will be required to clear the cutoff for admission. The cutoff scores for M.Tech admission at IIT Roorkee for 2022 and 2021 have not been disclosed by the admission authority. Let’s consider GATE 2020 cutoff for a slight idea. Category GATE 2020 Cutoff General 77.1 EWS 79.1 OBC 72.32 SC 58.62 ST 61.33 Read more
Ans. First of all, admission to the IIT Roorkee MTech program is not given on the basis of GATE rank. The final shortlisting is done on the basis of Normalized GATE marks were used which is calculated by IIT Roorkee as follows: Normalized GATE marks = Normalized marks out of 100 or Marks*100\Maximum marks awarded in the paper that year For example if a candidate has scored 64 marks and the maximum marks given that year are 92, the Normalized GATE marks are 64*100/92=69.57. The table below comprises the expected GATE 2023 cut-off for IIT Roorkee based on the previous year's cut-off trends. MTech Course Cutoff Alternate Hydro Energy Centre 760-839 Architecture & Planning 650-844 Biotechnology 570-577 Civil Engineering 656-780 Chemical Engineering 650-657 Computer Science & Engineering 840-844 Disaster Mitigation & Management 700-710 Electronics and Communication Engineering 736-750 Electrical Engineering 760-779 Mechanical and Industrial Engineering 748-785 Read more
*The article might have information for the previous academic years, which will be updated soon subject to the notification issued by the University/College
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