GATE 2025 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SYLLABUS
ONLINE TEST
- PATTERN & SYLLABUS
- paper analysis
- syllabus
- computer science engineering syllabus
- petroleum engineering syllabus
- civil engineering syllabus
- electronics and communication engineering syllabus
- electrical engineering syllabus
- aerospace engineering syllabus
- mechanical engineering syllabus
- biotechnology syllabus
- instrumentation engineering syllabus
- agriculture engineering syllabus
- metallurgical engineering syllabus
- mining engineering syllabus
- statistics syllabus
- engineering sciences syllabus
- textile engineering syllabus
- production engineering syllabus
- life science syllabus
- geology and geophysics syllabus
- ecology and evolution syllabus
- architecture and planning syllabus
- physics syllabus
- chemistry syllabus
- mathematics syllabus
- biomedical engineering syllabus
- civil engineering exam pattern
- mechanical engineering pattern
- computer science engineering pattern
- electrical engineering pattern
- instrumentation engineering pattern
- virtual calculator
- production and industrial engineering pattern
- electronics and communication pattern
- biomedical engineering pattern
- textile engineering pattern
- humanities syllabus
- environmental syllabus
- marine engineering syllabus
- geomatics engineering syllabus
- chemical engineering pattern
- ecology and evolution pattern
- physics pattern
- geomatics engineering pattern
Table of Contents
GATE Chemical Engineering (CH) Syllabus 2023: Important Topics, Exam Pattern, Marking Scheme, Question Papers
GATE Chemical Engineering (CH) Syllabus 2023 is divided into 9 sections which further include various subtopics. In GATE 2023, 72% weightage is given to the core subject. 15% to the General Aptitude section and the remaining 13% to the Engineering Mathematics section. The candidates who opted for Chemical Engineering (XL) as their first paper in GATE can only choose one among Chemistry (CY), Petroleum Engineering (PE), and Engineering Sciences (XE).CheckGATE Exam Pattern 2023
GATE Chemistry Syllabus 2023 includes Engineering mathematics, Process Calculations, Heat Transfer, Mass Transfer, Fluid Mechanics, Chemical Reaction, Instrumentation and Process Control, Plant Design and Economics, and Chemical Technology. The students are advised to practice as many mock tests as they can get hold of before appearing for GATE 2023. CheckGATE Mock Tests
Quick Links:
| How to use GATE 2023 Virtual Calculator? | What will be the Validity of GATE 2023 Score? | Online Coaching for GATE 2023 |
GATE Chemical Engineering (CH) Syllabus 2023
Chemical Engineering uses Physics and Chemistry with applied Mathematics to convert chemicals and raw materials into useful substances. Chemical Engineers essentially design large-scale processes for such transformations.
Section 1: Engineering Mathematics
Engineering Mathematics is a branch of applied mathematics concerning mathematical methods and techniques that are typically used in engineering and industry. This section carries a 15% weightage of questions. It is one of the important sections of GATE syllabus.
- Linear Algebra
- Calculus
- Differential equations
- Complex variables
- Probability and Statistics
- Numerical Methods
Section 2: Process Calculations and Thermodynamics
- Steady and unsteady state mass and energy balances including multiphase, multicomponent, reacting, and non-reacting systems. Use of tie components; recycle, bypass and purge calculations; Gibb’s phase rule and degree of freedom analysis.
- First and Second laws of thermodynamics. Applications of first law to close and open systems. Second law and Entropy.
- Thermodynamic properties of pure substances: Equation of State and residual properties, properties of mixtures: partial molar properties, fugacity, excess properties, and activity coefficients; phase equilibria: predicting VLE of systems; chemical reaction equilibrium.
Section 3: Fluid Mechanics and Mechanical Operations
- Fluid statics, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, shell-balances including a differential form of Bernoulli equation and energy balance, Macroscopic friction factors, dimensional analysis, and similitude, flow through pipeline systems, flow meters, pumps and compressors, elementary boundary layer theory, flow past immersed bodies including packed and fluidized beds, Turbulent flow: fluctuating velocity, universal velocity profile and pressure drop.
- Particle size and shape, particle size distribution, size reduction and classification of solid particles; free and hindered settling; centrifuge and cyclones; thickening and classification, filtration, agitation, and mixing; conveying of solids.
Section 4: Heat Transfer
- Steady and unsteady heat conduction, convection and radiation, thermal boundary layer and heat transfer coefficients, boiling, condensation, and evaporation; types of heat exchangers and evaporators and their process calculations.
- Design of double pipe, shell and tube heat exchangers, and single and multiple effect evaporators.
Section 5: Mass Transfer
- Fick’s laws, molecular diffusion in fluids, mass transfer coefficients, film, penetration, and surface renewal theories; momentum, heat and mass transfer analogies; stage-wise and continuous contacting and stage efficiencies
- HTU & NTU concepts; design and operation of equipment for distillation, absorption, leaching, liquid-liquid extraction, drying, humidification, dehumidification, and adsorption.
Section 6: Chemical Reaction Engineering
- Theories of reaction rates; kinetics of homogeneous reactions, interpretation of kinetic data, single and multiple reactions in ideal reactors, non-ideal reactors; residence time distribution, single parameter model; non-isothermal reactors; kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions; diffusion effects in catalysis.
Section 7: Instrumentation and Process Control
- Measurement of process variables; sensors, transducers and their dynamics, process modeling and linearization, transfer functions and dynamic responses of various systems, systems with the inverse response, process reaction curve, controller modes (P, PI, and PID); control valves; analysis of closed-loop systems including stability, frequency response, controller tuning, cascade and feedforward control.
Section 8: Plant Design and Economics
- Principles of process economics and cost estimation including depreciation and total annualized cost, cost indices, rate of return, payback period, discounted cash flow, optimization in process design, and sizing of chemical engineering equipment such as compressors, heat exchangers, multistage contactors.
Section 9: Chemical Technology
- Inorganic chemical industries (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, Chlor-alkali industry), fertilizers (Ammonia, Urea, SSP and TSP); natural products industries (Pulp and Paper, Sugar, Oil, and Fats); petroleum refining and petrochemicals; polymerization industries (polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, and polyester synthetic fibers).
Direct link to download GATE Chemical Engineering (CH) syllabus PDF
GATE 2023 Chemical Engineering Exam Pattern
Before starting with Chemical Engineering preparation, candidates must go through the exam pattern and marking scheme. The exam pattern will give you a fair idea about the type of questions asked, the total marks of the exam, the duration of the exam, etc. Candidates can check the exam pattern and the marking scheme below:
- Mode of Examination – Online
- Duration – 3 hours.
- Type of Questions – MCQs, MSQs, and NATs.
- Total Questions – 65
- Total marks – 100
| GATE Chemical Engineering Sectional Weightage | |
|---|---|
| Engineering Mathematics | 13% |
| General Aptitude | 15% |
| Remaining Topics of CH | 72% |
GATE 2023 Chemical Engineering Marking Scheme
| Type of Question | Correct Answer | Incorrect Answer |
|---|---|---|
| MCQ | 1 or 2 Marks | ⅓ for 1 mark questions⅔ for 2 marks questions |
| NAT | 1 or 2 Marks | No Negative Marking |
Read More GATE 2023 Exam Pattern
Weightage of Important Topics from GATE 2023 CH Syllabus
Weightage of Sections from General Aptitude
| Topic | Weightage (Marks) |
|---|---|
| Grammar | 2 |
| Sentence Completion | 2 |
| Synonyms and Antonyms | 4 |
| Sentence Completion | 2 |
| Reasoning Ability | 4 |
| Data Interpretation | 2 |
| Numerical Method | 5 |
Weightage of Sections from Chemical Engineering
| Topic | Weightage (Marks) |
|---|---|
| Fluid Mechanics | 15 |
| Heat and Mass Transfer | 20 |
| Plant Design | 5 |
| Chemical Technology | 12 |
GATE Preparation 2023 for CH
This section provides the important books, previous year question papers, and preparation tips for the students planning on appearing for GATE 2023.
How to Prepare for GATE 2023 Chemical Engineering?
While preparing for GATE Chemical Engineering 2023 candidates have to keep few things in mind that first of all, they should check Exam Pattern and Syllabus. This way you will come to know about the major topics, marking scheme, etc. For your convenience, we have already discussed the topics above.
Now your next step should be focused on building a good preparation plan. Candidates are required to follow a proper study strategy, expert guidance, and good study material for effective results. Here are some effective preparation tips to crack GATE Chemical Engineering:
1. Section Wise Preparation
There are 3 major sections in the exam and candidates are advised to prepare section-wise.
- For General Aptitude section, focus more on reasoning questions, verbal aptitude, numerical aptitude but do not spend much time preparing for this section.
- For Engineering Mathematics section, candidates require a lot of practice, and to do the same you have to give special attention to this section. With daily practice try to make it your strongest section.
- For Chemical Engineering section, you have to prepare for all the major topics. First, go for the topics you are good at and then move to the difficult topics. This section has a weightage of 70% so practice as much as you can.
2. Practice Mock Test
Mock tests are one of the best methods to prepare for the exam. They give you the feel of the real exam as they are time-bound and also introduce you to the concepts that you might miss during the preparation. Every year exam conducting body releases mock tests series for candidates. You can take these mock tests or you can also buy the mock test series from some coaching institutes. But remember one thing do not take any mock tests before completing your syllabus.
3. Time Management
Time management is one of the key elements in the success of a candidate. For some candidates, 2 months are enough for preparation whereas for other candidates even 6 months are very few. Here are some tips that will help candidates in managing their time for studies:
- The candidate must give a minimum of 5-6 hours for the study every day.
- Further divide your 5-6 hours time in moring, afternoon, evening or night shifts. This way you can have breaks in between.
- You can give 1 hour everyday day in the morning to prepare some key points. Also, make all your notes in good handwriting.
- Devote 1 hour especially for revision as timely revisions are quite necessary.
- Do not spend more than 2 hours on one topic. If a topic is taking a long time then you must leave it for tomorrow and move on with a new topic for today. This way you can cover maximum topics.
4. Previous Years Question Papers
The question papers will help you in getting an idea about the type of questions asked, their difficulty level, and weightage given to the topics in the previous years' papers. Observer the trend of questions that were asked in previous years. This way you can skip some topics or focus more on other important topics. This will help you to prepare in an organized manner.
Download GATE Previous Years Papers of CH
5. Refer Best Study Material
Do not compromise on study material. Prepare from the best books. Candidates can also watch online tutorial videos by popular coaching institutes.
Also Check: Online Coaching for GATE 2023
Important Books for GATE 2023 Chemical Engineering
Candidates are advised to choose their study material wisely and pick up the books from popular authors or publications only. Some of the books for major topics for GATE Chemical Engineering Syllabus 2023 are mentioned below:
| S.no. | Name of the subject | Name of the book | Name of the author |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Engineering Mathematics | Engineering Mathematics | B.S. Grewal |
| 2 | Fluid Mechanics | Introduction To Fluid Mechanics (English) 7th Edition | Yunus A. Cengel, John M. Cimbala |
| 3 | Heat Transfer | Heat Transfer | Binay.K.Dutta |
| 4 | Mass Transfer | Mass Transport Phenomena | Christie J. Geankoplis |
| 5 | Process Dynamics and Control | Process Systems Analysis and Control | Donald R. Coughanowr & Steven E. LeBlanc |
| 6 | Dryden’s Outlines of Chemical Technology | Chemical Technology | Gopala Rao M. and Marshall |
| 7 | All in One | Chemical Engineering Solved Papers GATE | Nikhil Kr. Gupta |
Previous Year GATE CH 2023 Question Paper
Given below are the links for GATE CH 2023 Previous Year Question Papers along with their answer key. The students are advised to go through them before appearing for the exam.
| Year | Link for GATE CH Question Paper | Link for GATE CH Answer Key |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Check Here | Check Here |
| 2020 | Check Here | Check Here |
| 2019 | Check Here | Check Here |
| 2018 | Check Here | Check Here |
| 2017 | Check Here | Check Here |
GATE CH Sample Questions
Here are some of the sample papers of GATE CSE that students can refer to in their GATE Preparation
Important Questions from Chemical Engineering
Candidates can refer to some of the sample questions mentioned below: General Aptitude
- Sample Question 1: “When she fell down the _______, she received many _______ but little help.” The words that best fill the blanks in the above sentence are?
- Sample Question 2: For 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, sin x and cos x are both decreasing functions in the interval___________?
- Sample Question 3: A set of 4 parallel lines intersect with another set of 5 parallel lines. How many parallelograms are formed?
- Sample Question 4: For a chemical reaction, the ratio of rate constant at 500 K to that at 400 K is 2.5. Given R= 8.314 J mol-1 K-1, the value of activation energy (in kJ/mol) is_________?
- Sample Question 5: In the year 2005, the cost of a shell and tube heat exchanger with 68 m2 heat transfer area was Rs. 12.6 Lakh. Chemical Engineering Index for cost in 2005 was 509.4 and now the index is 575.4. Based on index of 0.6 for capacity scaling, the present cost (in Lakhs of rupees) of a similar heat exchanger having 100 m2 heat transfer area is estimated to be_______________?
GATE 2023 Syllabus of Other Subjects
GATE Chemical Engineering (CH) Syllabus 2023 FAQs
Ques: What are the major topics in GATE Chemical Engineering (CH) Syllabus 2023 that can help me to score well?
Ans: All the candidates are advised to go through the syllabus released by the authorities. The syllabus will be based on the topics of the graduation level. Some of the major topics from GATE Chemical Engineering (CH) Syllabus 2023 are:
- Process Calculations and Thermodynamics
- Fluid Mechanics and Mechanical Operations
- Heat Transfer
- Mass Transfer
- Chemical Reaction Engineering
- Instrumentation and Process Control
- Plant Design and Economics
- Chemical Technology
Ques: How many sections are there in GATE Chemical Engineering (CH) Syllabus 2023? What will be the weightage of each section?
Ans: The 3 major sections are – General Aptitude, Engineering mathematics, and core subject syllabus. Moreover, the core syllabus of GATE 2023 Chemical Engineering is divided into 9 sections which further includes various subtopics.
| Engineering Mathematics | 13% |
| General Aptitude | 15% |
| Remaining Topics of CH | 72% |
Ques: What is the difficulty level of GATE Chemical Engineering syllabus 2023?
Ans: As per the test takers of previous years, GATE Chemical Engineering Syllabus 2023 is entirely based on the graduation level. If a candidate has clear concepts then he/ she can easily crack the exam. Also, candidates are advised to follow the books and study notes from their graduation level to clear all the concepts. Other than that you can also follow these books:
- Fluid Mechanics – Introduction To Fluid Mechanics (English) 7th Edition by Yunus A. Cengel, John M. Cimbala
- Heat Transfer – Heat Transfer by Binay.K.Dutta
- Chemical Technology – Chemical Technology by Dryden’s Outlines of Chemical Technology by Gopala Rao M. and Marshall S
Ques: Do I need to go through the syllabus of GATE chemistry paper while preparing for GATE Chemical Engineering 2023?
Ans: No. There is no need to go through the syllabus of GATE chemistry paper while preparing for GATE Chemical Engineering 2023 because these papers are not interrelated. However, there are chances that some of the topics in both subjects might be common. All the candidates are advised to stick to their core subject syllabus only.
Ques: Will there be NAT questions in GATE Chemical Engineering 2023?
Ans: Yes. NAT questions are part of GATE. In every subject, candidates will be asked NAT questions. There will be no negative marking for incorrect answers in this type of questions and you have to enter the value of your answer by using the virtual keyboard. In the case of MCQs negative marking will be there depending on the value of the question.
GATE 2025 : 20 Answered QuestionsView All
Ans. An MS from IIT Kanpur is considered to be a highly respected and prestigious degree. The MS program at IIT Kanpur is reputed for its focus on excellent research and its strong focus on practical, hands-on learning. As an MS student, you get to work with some of the most experienced and respected scholars and researchers in their fields, which gives an insight into the latest industry developments and trends. Additionally, not being located near metropolitan areas, IIT Kanpur gives a peaceful learning environment and students don’t spend much time partying or clubbing. Although it is a 2-year program, with the right determination one can complete it in 18 months also. If you are true to your passion you can also complete a Ph.D. under an experienced thesis advisor and won’t have to go to a foreign university for a Ph.D. Overall, an MS from IIT Kanpur is a valuable and highly esteemed program that offers many opportunities in terms of career and professional advancement. Although it is challenging, the learning experience is worth the effort. Read more
Ans. Andhra University M.Tech admission is done in two ways, i.e. through GATE and through AP PGECET. To get admission, you need to have a valid GATE score or you need to score a valid rank in AP PGECET. Soon, Andhra University will release the notification for AP PGECET. Here are the tentative dates. Event Tentative dates Notification release date Second week of July 2022 Application form available Second week of July 2022 Admit card release date Second week of September 2022 Exam date Third week of September 2022 Result Second week of October 2022 Andhra University will release the application form online. Visit the official website of the institute regularly to get the updated information. Read more
Ans. Many GATE toppers leave PSU and join NITIE, instead of IITs because it offers better placements. Usually, students with good scores join ONGC, NTPC, BHEL, IOCL, and others. Despite the good salary, PSU jobs can get monotonous after a few years. So, the top rankers start looking for better career options. If they wish to do an MBA, they need to prepare for CAT. Some do prepare for CAT, but many join NITIE as it is an easier option. NITIE takes admission through GATE and the GATE score is valid for 3 years. So, they can easily get admission based on their GATE score. Also, the institute has a great placement record. During the NITIE Mumbai placement in 2022, the average CTC offered was INR 25.41 LPA. The video below will convince you further to join NITIE Mumbai Overall, its the excellent opportunities offered by NITIE that makes mant GATE toppers leave PSU and join NITIE Read more
Ans. Here are some strategies that can help you prepare for GATE and ESE simultaneously. Compare the syllabus of GATE and ESE. Go through the previous years' questions of both. The technical portion of both examinations overlaps a lot. The major difference is question patterns and styles. Different types of questions are asked on the same topics. GATE tests aptitude for solving technical questions. While ESE puts more emphasis on technical details. Figure out which subjects contribute more to which examinations. If you have less time, start with GATE preparation. The topics can be covered easily and in less time. Once you are through GATE preparation, you can solve ESE questions without much difficulty. Focus on GATE and ESE preparations only. First, go through the syllabus thoroughly. Once you are done with the syllabus, go through your notes and solve previous years' questions. Solve test series, and review hard questions. Analyze the tests you give and work on your mistakes. Read more
Ans. GATE consists mostly of numerical questions. It tests the aptitude for solving questions in less time. BITS HD papers have 10-15 numerical questions usually. The numerical questions aren’t on the same level as GATE and are just formula-based problems. Usually, around 80-90% of BITS HD questions are theory oriented. You need to have a good grasp of your engineering subjects to score well in BITS HD. The questions can come from anywhere in the syllabus. BITS HD usually consists - 15 Mathematics questions (difficulty usually higher than GATE) 15 general English questions 70 Engineering discipline questions Also, note that BITS take admission based on GATE scores as well. Read more
Ans. The required GATE rank depends upon various parameters like The engineering branch Company (PSU) Number of vacancies for the stream People who are graduating in 3-4 years are lucky as both IOCL and ONGC are planning to recruit in bulk because of massive retirements in both the companies. The mechanical and chemical branches are expected to have the most vacancies. Candidates will be called in a 1:5 ratio and thus, interviews will be the major determining factor of your selection. If you are unable to showcase your knowledge and talent during the interview, even a single-digit rank cannot guarantee your admission. A minimum of 40% marks are required to pass the interview. So if you get a call for the interview, don’t let your rank discourage you or even make you overconfident. Read more
Ans. Sikkim Manipal University has been ranked at 17 for Private Engineering by India Today in 2020. The largest department within the institution is the CSE department and it has also won the best department in SMIT multiple times. Admissions: Class 12th with mandatory subjects in Physics, Maths, Chemistry/computer science/biology is the prerequisite for admission to CSE at Sikkim Manipal. SMIT online, MET, JEE Mains is the examinations accepted for BTech admission. The total intake for CSE is 180 and the course fee is 12.20 lakhs. Curriculum: The University offers a well-structured and detailed curriculum with exposure to major areas of computer science like Big data analytics, robotics, cloud computing, ethical hacking, and more. The course structure focuses on providing students with knowledge of the core subjects of computer science in order to strengthen their foundation and make them industry-ready. Faculty: The university has 33 highly experienced and qualified faculties for CS. The faculty members also conduct seminars and workshops with esteemed institutions like ISRO, IIT, and TIFR. Infrastructure: The University offers a great infrastructure for the CSE department as it receives funding from two highly esteemed agencies, AICTE and ISRO. There are nine state-of-the-art practical labs like the Networking lab, digital circuit and microprocessor labs, GIS and remote sensing lab, advanced programming lab, and more. It also has a huge library with over 2500 journals and books dedicated to the CSE branch. It has been updated with modern facilities and infrastructure all across the campus in order to provide students with the best experience. Placements: AGS Infotech, Amazon, Britannia, Cipla, Capgemini are some of the major recruiters at the institute. Placement Rate within CSE 92.5% Lowest CTC 3.5 LPA Average CTC 5 LPA Highest CTC 18 LPA Sikkim Manipal University is a great option for students who want to pursue a BTech degree program in the CSE department. Read more
Ans. It depends on your career goals. GATE offers more options for engineering students. It is an all-around examination. You can go for MTech, PSUs, MS, and FRM. If you want more options, GATE will be better for you. If you want to do an MBA, after graduation, CAT will be the better option. Almost all top B-Schools accept CAT scores for MBA. Read more
Ans. IIT Roorkee admission 2023 hasn’t been wrapped up yet, hence its GATE cutoff too hasn’t been released as of now. M.Tech admission process of IIT Roorkee is conducted on the basis of the GATE cutoff, and all the candidates applying for admission into the M.Tech course under the non-sponsored category will be required to clear the cutoff for admission. The cutoff scores for M.Tech admission at IIT Roorkee for 2022 and 2021 have not been disclosed by the admission authority. Let’s consider GATE 2020 cutoff for a slight idea. Category GATE 2020 Cutoff General 77.1 EWS 79.1 OBC 72.32 SC 58.62 ST 61.33 Read more
Ans. First of all, admission to the IIT Roorkee MTech program is not given on the basis of GATE rank. The final shortlisting is done on the basis of Normalized GATE marks were used which is calculated by IIT Roorkee as follows: Normalized GATE marks = Normalized marks out of 100 or Marks*100\Maximum marks awarded in the paper that year For example if a candidate has scored 64 marks and the maximum marks given that year are 92, the Normalized GATE marks are 64*100/92=69.57. The table below comprises the expected GATE 2023 cut-off for IIT Roorkee based on the previous year's cut-off trends. MTech Course Cutoff Alternate Hydro Energy Centre 760-839 Architecture & Planning 650-844 Biotechnology 570-577 Civil Engineering 656-780 Chemical Engineering 650-657 Computer Science & Engineering 840-844 Disaster Mitigation & Management 700-710 Electronics and Communication Engineering 736-750 Electrical Engineering 760-779 Mechanical and Industrial Engineering 748-785 Read more
*The article might have information for the previous academic years, which will be updated soon subject to the notification issued by the University/College
How Collegedunia helps you in
Admission
Brochure Details
Check Detailed Fees
Shortlist and Apply
24/7 Counselling
Scholarships
Application Deadlines
What People Say
Zollege is a one-stop solution to all your education related queries.
"Gurmeet Singh
In depth CAT exam analysis available for free
"Ritu Dua
Practice Paper section helped me in preparing without coaching.
"Sanchi Ahuja
No need to remember deadlines as I get timely updates now.
"Ridhima Sharma
Authentic student reviews helped me compare colleges easily.
"Subhash Malhotra
Because of Zollege, all my questions regarding JEE Mains were answered.
"Arnav Chitkar
After subscribing to Zollege, I get important alerts about exams on time.
"Aaravi Sharma
I was anxious about my exam preparation. Zollege helped me to ace it.
"Mayank Sharma
Continue with mobile
You'll receive a 4 digit code to verify next
- Afghanistan (+93)
- Albania (+355)
- Argentina (+54)
- Australia (+61)
- Belgium (+32)
- Canada (+1)
- China (+86)
- France (+33)
- Germany (+49)
- Grenada (+1)
- Hong Kong (+852)
- India (+91)
- Ireland (+353)
- Italy (+39)
- Malaysia (+60)
- Malta (+356)
- Netherlands (+31)
- New Zealand (+64)
- Singapore (+65)
- Switzerland (+41)
- Turkey (+90)
- United Arab Emirates (+971)
- United Kingdom (+44)
- USA (+1)
- Vietnam (+84)
New to Collegedunia? Create an account.
Comments
Comments
No Comments To Show