Question: When girls are educated in single-sex secondary schools, they tend to do better academically than girls who attend mixed-sex schools. Since Alice achieved higher grades than any other woman in her first year at the university, she was probably educated at a single-sex school.

Which one of the following most closely parallels the flawed reasoning used in the argument above?

(A) When students have individual tutoring in math, they usually get good grades on their final exams. Celia had individual tutoring in math so she will probably get a good grade.
(B) When babies are taught to swim, they have more than the average number of ear infections as they grow up. Janice has more ear infections than any other person at the local swimming club, so she probably was taught
to swim when she was a baby.
(C) When children study music at an early age, they later tend to appreciate a wide variety of music, so the talent of future musicians is best fostered at an early age.
(D) When children practice their piano scales for half an hour each day, they usually pass their piano exams. Sally practices scales for less than half an hour each day, so she will probably fail her piano exam.
(E) When children have parents who help them with their homework, they usually do well in school. Therefore, having help with homework is probably the cause of high academic achievement.

Answer: B
Explanation: Your capacity for analysis and critical thought will be evaluated on the GMAT's critical reasoning section. One needs a lot of mental capacity to respond clearly.
Each alternative needs to be carefully considered before a decision is made. Only one of the available five options will be accurate. The candidate must consider a variety of factors in order to make the optimal decision.

Let's approach the answer choices.

A: Incorrect
It is an incorrect choice. This option is a straightforward restatement in which the conditional premise is repeated in the conclusion. First line:
        Sufficient                                                     necessary
Individualized math instruction                      Excellent finals grades
Then, we learn that Celia had private tutoring, therefore it is reasonable to assume that she will likely earn high grades. This is a good argument, hence (A) is incorrect.
This answer choice deals with the same topic as the stimulus (academics and graduates), which makes it much less likely to be correct.

B: Correct
It is the correct choice.
The reversal error is the same as the stimulus. First clause:
        Sufficient                                                     necessary
Babies who have been trained to swim         more ear infections
The author goes on to say that Janice was presumably trained to swim as a baby because she suffers more ear infections than everyone else in the swimming group. Take note of the sudden turnaround that just happened! She may have more ear infections than the other members of the swim club for other reasons besides having been taught to swim as a baby, therefore this duplicates the stimulus' fault.

C: Incorrect
It is an incorrect answer. Here, a new third word is being introduced rather than a reversal or restatement. The author in (C) begins with the conditional form but then carries on to the conclusion regarding the talent of aspiring musicians by saying (learn music early:arrow: enjoy diversity). This new word eliminates this option from consideration right away.

D: Incorrect
It is an incorrect answer. Although the reasoning in this answer option is incorrect, it is not quite as poor as the rationale in the stimulus. Instead, this is referred to as a "Mistaken Negation," in which the absence of the necessary condition is inferred erroneously from the presence of the sufficient condition.

E: Incorrect
It is the wrong choice. There are a few problems with this response option. It first and foremost conflates conditionality and causality. From the stimulus, we can only infer that there is a valid association, not that females perform better academically because of single-sex schools. Hence, asserting that the first component led to the second does not make sense in light of the stimulus. Second, this situation does not reverse. We are aware that there must be a reversal because without one, the solution is immediately ruled out. Last but not least, the topic of academic accomplishment causes me anxiety. It is exceedingly rare that the same subject as the stimulus will be repeated in the correct answer.

“When girls are educated in single-sex secondary schools, they tend to” – is a GMAT Critical question. To answer the question, a candidate can either find a piece of evidence that would weaken the argument or have logical flaws in the argument. GMAT critical reasoning tests the logical and analytical skills of the candidates. This topic requires candidates to find the argument's strengths and weaknesses or the logical flaw in the argument. The GMAT CR section contains 10 -13 GMAT critical reasoning questions out of 36 GMAT verbal questions.

Suggested GMAT Critical Reasoning Samples:

• According to an Independent Computer-Industry Analyst, the New Regent Microcomputer GMAT Critical Reasoning
• In Today’s Pluralistic Society, Textbook Publishers Find Themselves in an Increasingly Uncomfortable Position GMAT Critical Reasoning
• Economies in which a high percentage of resources are invested in research and development GMAT Critical Reasoning
• Columnist: The country is presently debating legislation GMAT Critical Reasoning
• When People Evade Income Taxes by not Declaring Taxable Income GMAT Critical Reasoning
• Utrania was formerly a major petroleum exporter, but in recent decades economic stagnation GMAT Critical Reasoning
• Useful protein drugs, such as insulin, must still be administered by the cumbersome GMAT Critical Reasoning
• Unripe Lychee Fruit Contain a Compound called Hypoglycin GMAT Critical Reasoning
• Tiger Beetles are such Fast Runners that they can Capture Virtually any Nonflying Insect GMAT Critical Reasoning
• According to a recent study, retirees in the United States are four times more likely to give regular financial aid to their children as to receive it from them GMAT Critical Reasoning
• Roland: The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed GMAT Critical Reasoning
• TOMMY: That telephone always rings when I am in the shower and can’t hear it GMAT Critical Reasoning
• A major network news organisation experienced a drop in viewership in the week GMAT Critical Reasoning
• It is Difficult to Keep Deep Wounds Free of Bacteria GMAT Critical Reasoning
• Carol is Shorter Than Juan, But She is Taller than Ed. Sandra is Shorter than Juan, and She is Shorter than Ed GMAT critical reasoning
• Ethicist: It Would be a Mistake to Say that Just Because Someone is Inclined to do Otherwise GMAT critical reasoning
• According to a study, after a week of high-altitude living, twenty men had slimmed down. GMAT critical reasoning
• Shelby Industries Manufactures and Sells the Same Gauges as Jones Industries. GMAT critical reasoning
• Building a space station, in which astronauts would live for a considerable time GMAT critical reasoning
• The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program because, with it, job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the requirements of the job will be eliminated from consideration. GMAT critical reasoning
• According to a recent study, retirees in the United States are four times more likely to give regular financial aid to their children as to receive it from them. GMAT critical reasoning
• Using oil-based paints to paint walls or furniture requires the use of turpentine and each coat takes a long time to dry.GMAT critical reasoning
• President of the United States: I have Received over 2,000 Letters on this Issue, and the Vast Majority of them Support my Current Position. GMAT critical reasoning
• Roland: The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed. GMAT critical reasoning
• TOMMY: That telephone always rings when I am in the shower and can’t hear it. GMAT critical reasoning
• A major network news organization experienced a drop in viewership in the week GMAT critical reasoning
• Experienced pilots often have more trouble than novice pilots in learning to fly GMAT critical reasoning
• It is Difficult to Keep Deep Wounds Free of Bacteria. GMAT critical reasoning
• Jane drinks 4 Cups of Coffee Every Day. GMAT critical reasoning
• Johnson is on Firm Ground When he Asserts that the Early Editors of Dickinsons Poetry Often Distorted her Intentions GMAT critical reasoning
• One Reason why European Music has had Such a Strong Influence Throughout the World GMAT critical reasoning
• The Elk City Garbage Dumps are so Full that Elk City has Been Forced to Pay a Large Sum to Caribou City to Accept much of Elk City’s Garbage. GMAT critical reasoning
• Turtles, like Other Reptiles, can Endure Long Fasts, in their Ability to Survive on Weekly GMAT critical reasoning
• A Diet High in Saturated Fats Increases a Person's Risk of Developing Heart Disease GMAT critical reasoning
• At An Enormous Research Cost A Leading Chemical Company Has Developed GMAT Critical Reasoning
• A Reliable Survey Indicates That College Graduates Change Employers Four Times GMAT Critical Reasoning
• In 1988, a significant percentage of seals in the Baltic Sea died GMAT Critical Reasoning
• Contrary to the charges made by some of its opponents GMAT Critical Reasoning
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• The President of a Consulting Firm Analysed the Decisions Made About Marketing GMAT Critical Reasoning
• Many companies have been pushing for a three-week extension of daylight GMAT Critical Reasoning
• In All Mammalian Species, the Period of a Young Mammal’s Life GMAT Critical Reasoning
• Manufacturers of household appliances are still urging the public to purchase food processors GMAT critical reasoning
• Contrary to the Statements of Labour Leaders, the Central Economic Problem GMAT Critical Reasoning
• From time to time, the press indulges in outbursts of indignation over GMAT Critical Reasoning
• Exhaust released from a combustion engine is harmful when breathed in significant quantities.GMAT Critical Reasoning
• The tax system of the Republic of Grootland encourages borrowing by granting its taxpayers GMAT Critical Reasoning
• Advances in photocopying technology allow criminals with no printing expertise GMAT Critical Reasoning
• Professor A: We must make a strong moral statement against Country X’s policies GMAT Critical Reasoning