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GMAT Reverse Causation Sample Questions and Answers
The GMAT exam has been conducted in India since so long and this exam is well recognised by the reputation that it has gained. The GMAT syllabus is quite tough and tricky at the same time. Along with the syllabus, the GMAT eligibility criteria must also be taken care of. And in this article, we will discuss the questions that contain almost 40% of the weightage in the exam. The reverse causation questions in GMAT exam is a very difficult part and it requires a good analysing capacity and critical thinking. Good decision-making and an observant mind is needed to solve these kinds of questions. Also, these questions are composed of difficult questions like critical reasoning question types, assumptions and weaken and strengthen. And it is clear that if a student is able to achieve a good score in this section then he/she can have higher chances to make through the exam as it contains almost half of the quantity in the exam. Before discussing the preparation tips for GMAT, let’s first discuss the questions and their composition.
So, these questions are also called Assumption-based questions. And a student needs to find the relationship between the two or more than two statements given in the same question. And find the solution accordingly to that. Now the question is what does “causation” stand for?
The answer is that causation means the cause or the reason behind the situation. And hence, a student needs to find the cause but there are different situations given in the question and the tricky part for the student is to find whether situation A happens after situation B or situation B occurs itself or happens because of situation A. It is clearly about finding the other ways around.
The question or statement has the possibility of 3 types -
The Usual Type: A → B
Reverse Causality: B → A
Simultaneously: A ↔ B
We will also provide an elaborated question with the solution to give the students a clear idea.
Question And Explanation
When people become concerned about their high risk of having a heart attack because of a family history of heart disease, or chest pain, or being told by their doctor they are at higher risk, they are more likely than the general population to reduce their intake of foods high in saturated fat and cholesterol. So, while these people’s current diets may be lower in saturated fat and cholesterol, they may still be more likely to have a heart attack.
Clearly, their cutting back on saturated fat and cholesterol-rich foods did not increase their risk of having a heart attack or heart surgery to open blocked coronary arteries. Nevertheless, statistically, these high-risk people may be more likely to have a heart attack or heart surgery despite their now healthier-than-average diets.
Observational studies (which are studies that ask people what they are eating today and then observe who has a heart attack or gets heart surgery over the next few years) cannot differentiate between subjects who have an increased risk of such cardiac events despite their recent change of diet. In this case, fear of disease caused them to improve their diet rather than their improved diet causing their cardiac event. So reverse causation occurs when a heightened risk of the disease leads people to make diet and/or lifestyle changes in hopes of reducing that risk, but those changes were either too little or came too late. This is one reason observational studies cannot tell us what caused what.
Question And Explanation 2
A researcher discovered that people who have low levels of immune system activity tend to score much lower on tests of mental health than do people with normal or high immune system activity. The researcher concluded from this experiment that the immune system protects against mental illness as well as against physical disease
The researcher's conclusion depends on which of the following assumptions?
(C) People with high immune-system activity cannot develop mental illness A.
(D) Mental illness does not cause people's immune-system activity to decrease.
Here, the conclusion is that the immune system protects against mental illness.
On what basis/evidence is this conclusion made? On the observation that people who have low levels of immune system activity tend to score lower on tests of mental health than do people with normal or high immune system activity.
The problem with option C is that it doesn't talk about people with normal immune system activity! Only about those with high ISA.
Let's try negating option D: Mental illness causes people's immune system activity to decrease.
What does this say about the experiment? It is not low ISA that causes poor mental health (as manifested through low scores on the tests); on the other hand, the people already had mental health problems, which, in turn, lowered their immune system activity. This is a case of reverse causation.
We can see that negation of option D breaks the argument - hence, it is the right answer. Essentially, when you observe some correlation between 2 events X and Y, check for the presence and direction of a cause-effect relationship.
i.e. X and Y are correlated, but is X causing Y or is Y causing X?
To conclude one way or the other, you need to assume that the reverse does not exist.
So, a student may find it difficult to solve these kinds of problems but there are some ways that will make a clear way for the students to look with a different perspective so that a student may know the problem in a better way and focus on finding the best solution possible.
- A student can adopt a strategy to solve these questions with “Tool and effect diagram” or some of you might have heard this name as “fishbone diagram”.
- The whole diagram should have all the details which could be people, methods, material, equipment and environment.
- To make these kinds of the diagram a student should know and read all the effects given in the question or statement and write it on the right side of the paper.
Then this diagram will look like a structure as
This diagram will make a student not to miss any important information that is provided in the statements.
Why is practicing arduously a need?
So, all the GMAT aspirants should practice more by opting for the practice papers of GMAT. A student will start developing an observing vision while practising continuously day by day. Because if we go through the interviews with the students who have cleared their GMAT examination in the previous years, they have declared this section as the most difficult and time-consuming but they have also added that it can become easy with a very simple tool which is again “practising”. So, follow the possible strategies and solve these kinds of questions daily. Students can also watch the videos of the experts that are available online and follow the tricks that they are adopting to solve these questions.
Now, the question is from where to get the practice bank then the answer is that a student can easily get the question bank from their respective institutions from where they get the coaching. Or else they can go through the online mode and search for these questions. Try to solve the simpler questions then jump to the harder one as most of the students skip the easier question thinking that it could be easily solvable and this is the reason why they are less likely to develop critical evaluation, thinking with different aspects of vision, observing skills etc.
Lastly, we are advised to never skip this section and keep practising to clear the GMAT exam with good marks.
GMAT 2024 : 27 Answered QuestionsView All
Ans. Generally speaking anything above 750 is a good score for admission to IBS Hyderabad. But even a high GMAT score does not guarantee admission to IBS Hyderabad because the shortlisting is profile-based. GMAT score is just a part of the entire selection process. You need to improvise your profile by working on other aspects also like essays profile academics extracurricular activities Academics: Your 12th class marks graduation grades, post-graduation, and certification scores along with the GMAT cutoff is considered in your academic profile. Leadership: The leadership skills of the aspirants are tested on the basis of their prior achievements and roles. Personal attributes: This comprises your personal qualities like hobbies, talents, and extracurricular skills. Aspirants from diverse work experiences, cultures, and educational backgrounds are welcomed at IBS Hyderabad. So along with preparing well for GMAT, give importance to these parameters as well to increase your chances of admission. Read more
Ans. In case you are enquiring about the CAT percentile let me clarify that ISB Hyderabad does not take into consideration CAT scores. It accepts GMAT/GRE scores only. Most importantly, the ISB Shortlisting process is profile-based. This means even with a lower percentile you can manage to get shortlisted provided you have an excellent profile. There is no fixed cutoff for GMAT. However, a 700+ GMAT score isn't a must-have for ISB if your application is strong in other areas. According to an ISB spokesperson, candidates were admitted to the 2021 cohort with scores as low as 580, and as high as 780. So the GMAT score range for ISB is 580-780. Read more
Ans. Yes, it certainly is worth paying a hefty fee of 30k for GMAT coaching at Crack ISB Hyderabad. The quality of trainers and the certainty of admission is what draw the candidates here. While there are many institutes that specialize in training for the CAT, very few institutes offer training for GMAT. Crack ISB Hyderabad has many features that have made it so popular and demanding among GMAT aspirants The peer group is a productive and effective group discussion is possible The institute gives the admission essay reviews free of cost while most institutes charge around 20-25k The quality of editing is much better at this Institute mainly because the faculty comprises alumni of top B Schools So it’s better to pay more for quality education than pay less or the same for substandard education. But remember an Institute can just prepare you for your entrance exam. It’s upon you to put in maximum effort and achieve your goals. Read more
Ans. There is hardly any B-school in India that accepts GMAT scores for full-time MBA. IIMs, FMS, XLRI, JBIMS, IIFT, MDI, etc. are some of the institutions that accept GMAT scores. However, students applying through a foreign national quota or NRI quota are eligible for GMAT score. ISB on the other hand accepts the GMAT for its full-time program MBA program. Here is the list of some B-Schools that accepts GMAT scores in India XLRI, Jamshedpur XIM, Bhubaneswar VIT Business School TISS, Mumbai TERI School of Advanced Sciences, TERI University TASMAC, Pune TAPMI, Manipal School of Management, Udaipur School of Management, NMIMS, Mumbai School of Management, International Institute of Management This is why most students go for CAT, XAT, SNAP, and other management exams for admission in MBA. Only foreign nationals or students with NRI Quota can apply through GMAT. Read more
Ans. Yes, ISB Hyderabad’s PGP program requires a minimum of 2 years of full-time paid work experience. This criteria came into force on 31st March 2016 and is still a necessity. For candidates who lack in this aspect, there is a back door entry called the Early Entry Option or the EEOs. Under this, you can apply right away, go through the selection process, and receive the admission offer but join only after working for 2 years. This can also be referred to as Deferred admission. Read more
Ans. More than 140 Business Schools in India accept GMAT scores. Here is a list of popular B-School that accept GMAT scores. IIM Ahmedabad (PGPX) IIM Bangalore (EPGP) IIM Calcutta (PGPEx) IIM Indore (EPGP) IIM Kozhikode (EPGP) IIM Lucknow (IPMAX) XLRI Jamshedpur MDI Gurgaon IMT Ghaziabad IIFT Delhi FMS Deli ISB Hyderabad/Mohali Many other reputed B-School across the country also accept GMAT scores. Read more
Ans. Very few universities in Canada offer MBA without GMAT scores. They will consider other factors as eligibility criteria such as work experience for selection. York University’s Schulich of School of Business, McMaster University’s Degroote School of Business are some of the most reputed business schools in Canada that offer MBA without GMAT. Other than these, other universities offering MBA without GMAT are New York Institute of Technology, Thompson Rivers University, Lakehead University, Wilfrid Laurier University. You have the option to apply for executive MBAs without a GMAT score, too. Read more
Ans. IIM Shillong accepts GMAT scores of only for International students for the PGP flagship program The Executive PGP program For International students who are targeting the PGP flagship program, the cutoff is as follows Category SSC Percentage HSC percentage General 80 80 EWS 80 80 DA 50 50 ST 50 50 SC 55 55 So a good GMAT score for an International student is anything above 700. For the Executive program too, a GMAT score of 700+ is a good target. If your profile is average you can target a higher GMAT score. Read more
Ans. There are many business schools in India that require GMAT scores at the time of admission. Some of the top business schools with requiring GMAT scores in India are: Institute Name GMAT Score ISB, Hyderabad & Mohali 730 or higher S.P. Jain Institute of Management and Research, Mumbai 550 IIM Ahmedabad 711 School of Management, NMIMS Mumbai 600 IIM Bangalore 710 Great Lakes Institute of Management 600 IIM Calcutta 701 XLRI Jamshedpur 710 IIM Lucknow 680 IMT (All campuses) 720 IIM Indore 700 ICFAI Business School (Hyderabad & Mumbai) 700 IIM Kozhikode 700 A few other institutes include - MDI Gurgaon, FMS Delhi, Sunstone Business School Noida, ISB Indore, and more. Read more
Ans. I know this decision is a bit difficult to make. What you need to keep in mind is that these two colleges should not be compared to other great IIMs or even ISBs. Those B Schools are at another level and cannot be on par with Kashipur or Raipur. To facilitate a better decision, I will mention the circumstances of these B Schools then you can choose after considering all options. IIM Indore and IIM Kashipur: Both these colleges are not worth a year drop as they will help you earn only an extra 1.5-2 LPA. Moreover, in the coming years, Kashipur and Raipur will have almost the same brand value as that Indore and Kozhikode. IIM Ahmedabad, Calcutta, Lucknow and Bangalore: All these top IIMs are definitely worth a year's drop provided that you are confident enough to cope with the cutoff. All these IIMs consider your academics while selecting so if that is your reason for the year drop I don’t think it will help. There is no surety of admission even after a percentile of 100. ISB: This one is at a whole different level and is in the category of elite B Schools like UCB, NYU, HBS, etc. The top-notch faculty offers amazing pedagogy at relatively low fees. CAT is sufficient for IIMs. But if you want to go for ISB, a work experience of 4+ years and a GMAT are a must. Read more
*The article might have information for the previous academic years, which will be updated soon subject to the notification issued by the University/College
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