Question: Not since Galileo suffered the “scurvy humour” of the Inquisition has a religious organisation so effectively curbed the ability of a major scientist that he could pursue a theory.

(A) has a religious organisation so effectively curbed the ability of a major scientist that he could pursue
(B) did a religious organisation so effectively curb the ability of a major scientist that he could pursue
(C) has a religious organisation so effectively curbed the ability of a major scientist to pursue
(D) did a religious organisation so effectively curb the ability of a major scientist to pursue
(E) has a religious organisation so effectively curbed whether a major scientist had the ability that he could be pursuing

Answer: C
Explanation:

The following arguments could be used to defend the suggested language change:

• Parallelism
• Considering two separate truths
• Modifiers

The verb "has" coming before the subject "a religious organisation" is the sign of inversion.

Rewrite

Since Galileo was subjected to the "scurvy humour" of the Inquisition, a religious institution has not so successfully hindered a prominent scientist's capacity to pursue a theory.
Since is not a conjunction here signifying "because," but rather an adverb denoting the time of "when."
So is frequently used as a manner adverb, as in "how did she sing? She also sang. Frequently, it also serves as an intensifier, which denotes a significant quantum, as in "how effectively?" - so effectively.

A: Incorrect
It is an incorrect answer. It is not clearly written what is the antecedent of the pronoun “he”. This “he” can be confused with Galileo or the major scientist.
Hence, this cannot be the correct choice.

B: Incorrect
This is an incorrect answer. This is wrong for the same reason as that of A. Here, too, the antecedent of the pronoun is not clearly written. It can be seen that this sentence uses the word "since," so the perfect tense should be used, not the past tense. Hence, this choice is eliminated.

C: Correct
This is the correct choice. This is the only choice that doesn’t have an ambiguous pronoun. This sentence also uses the perfect tense.

D: Incorrect
It is an incorrect answer. This sentence is written in the past tense, but the sentence should be written in the perfect tense.

E: Incorrect
It is an incorrect answer.
This sentence is not written properly and has wordiness. The use of the word “whether” is inappropriate here. Hence this choice is eliminated.

“Not since Galileo suffered the “scurvy humour” of the Inquisition has a” - is a GMAT sentence correction question. The text that is underlined in these questions has grammatical mistakes, and we must select the right response from the list of possibilities. The GMAT verbal section includes GMAT sentence correction.

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