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Types of Doctors: List, Types of Surgeon, Jobs, Responsibilities

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Ahana Bhaduri

Senior Content Specialist

Becoming a Doctor is not only a matter of prestige and draws a lot of respect, but along with it comes the big responsibility of saving people’s lives as well as ensuring they live healthy ones. Keeping in mind the various parts and their complexities, there are different types of doctors who specialize in different human body anatomy and help diagnose the cause of illness or discomfort. 

There are different doctors in the country who specialize in different subjects including various disorders or ailments related to the body system. Some of the most popular specialist doctors include General Physicians, Dentists, Gynecologists, Cardiologists, and Orthopedic Doctors. Read More: How to Become a Doctor After 10th 

To become a Doctor, aspiring candidates must study undergraduate or postgraduate Medical Courses after completing their 10+2 board exams, preferably from the Science stream with Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Mathematics as their compulsory subjects. MBBS is considered one of the most crucial degrees that need to be pursued by students aspiring to become Doctors or any Medical Professionals. Read: How to Become a Doctor After 12th 

AIIMS is one of the best Medical Colleges in India for MBBS. Students aspiring to become Doctors without appearing for NEET can also opt for Medical Courses without NEET, after clearing class 12thA doctor's annual salary ranges from INR 7 LPA – 20 LPA. Candidates can get trained to be a Dentist, Cardiologist, General Physician, Gynecologist, or any other specialization as per their choice and interest. Read More: Salary of a Doctor

Who is a Doctor

A doctor's role is to diagnose and treat diseases and injuries. Doctors evaluate patients and make diagnoses, perform surgeries, write prescriptions, educate patients and their families, review patient records, and monitor their recovery. To become a doctor candidates must be 17 years old but not be older than 25 years while applying for the MBBS program through the general category. A bachelor's degree in medicine (MBBS) is the first step toward becoming a doctor.

The types of doctors that are in demand are the following, Orthopedics, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dermatology, Pediatrics, Radiology, General Surgery, and Ophthalmology.

Eligibility to Become a Doctor

To become a doctor, the candidate needs to meet the eligibility criteria at various levels as listed below,

  1. To be considered eligible for the MBBS program, a student must complete 10+2 specifically in Science (with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology as mandatory subjects). Candidates must make sure they have the minimum educational credentials to pursue this program before applying for admission to college.
  2. Candidates who wish to enrol in a reputable medical school, must clear essential entrance exams. NEETAIIMSAFMC, State-wise entrance tests, and institute-wise entrance tests are some of the most well-known medical entrance exams in India.
  3. After fulfilling the eligibility requirements and having received acceptable results on a relevant entrance exam, candidates can seek admission as per their choice. The admissions process varies from state to state.
  4. They must then complete the academic program successfully after being accepted into a good college. Candidates will be given the title of "Doctor" after completing 4.5 years of classroom training and a one-year rotational internship.

Types of Doctors

There are different types of doctors, each specializing in a distinct ailment or body organ. Each one necessitates a unique set of skills, and the scope varies from one specialization to the other. Some of the different types of doctors include those of, Cardiologist, Audiologist, Dentist, ENT Specialists, Gynecologist, Orthopedic Surgeon, Pediatrician, Psychiatrist, Veterinarian, Radiologist, Pulmonologist, Endocrinologist, Oncologist, Neurologist, Cardiothoracic Surgeon, and many others.

Cardiologists

Cardiologists are doctors who specialize in treating people with heart problems. Doctors that specialize in cardiology can diagnose and treat coronary heart disease, heart failure, and other cardiovascular disorders.

Audiologist

An audiologist is a doctor who examines individuals with hearing imbalance, or other ear issues. An audiologist evaluates the examination results and makes diagnoses. He or she helps people with tinnitus and other hearing issues. They also frequently advise patients about hearing aids on how to listen and communicate more effectively, such as through lip-reading or other technology. An audiologist investigates the causes of hearing loss and decides the best course of action and cleans the external ear canal in a competent manner. He or she can also help you get a hearing aid or a cochlear implant.

Dentist

Dental courses allow students to pursue a profession in the sector that focuses on the health of the teeth, gums, and other tissues in and around the mouth. Dentistry is a term that refers to dental procedures that are performed to avoid oral diseases. After pursuing a dental course, candidates can pursue a career in research or work for the Indian Army, Navy, or Air force. MDS graduates have the option of starting their own speciality clinics.

Check: 

ENT Specialist

ENT Specialists specialize in treating disorders and other issues related to the ear, nose, throat, and related head and neck. They've been educated to treat problems with the upper pharynx and oral cavity, the voice box (larynx), the ears, the nose, and nasal tube, and the neck. They are in charge of treating conditions such as nosebleeds, adenoidectomies, infected mastoids, tonsillectomies, and chronic sinusitis, to name a few. After completing their MD, aspirants can also enrol in an ENT research program

Gynecologist

Treatment for infertility, gynaecological diseases, vaginal infections (vaginitis), Dysmenorrhoea, hysterectomy, pregnancy-related issues, cervix and uterus infections (including fungal, bacterial, viral, and protozoal), Amenorrhoea (absent menstrual periods), and urinary incontinence are all part of a gynaecologist. Gynaecology is one of the highest-paying medical specialities in India.

Orthopedic Surgeon

The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of problems with the bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles are the focus of orthopaedic surgeons. Some orthopaedists are generalists, while others specialize in specific body parts, such as the hip and knee, the foot and ankle, the shoulder and elbow, the hand, and the spine.

Pediatrician

Pediatrics is a branch of medicine that deals with the medical treatment of babies, children, and teenagers. A paediatrician is a medical doctor who is responsible for the physical, behavioural, and mental health of children from birth to the age of eighteen. A paediatrician is educated to identify and treat a wide range of disorders in children, from mild ailments to life-threatening diseases.

Psychiatrist

Doctors who specialize in mental health, which includes substance use issues, are known as psychiatrists. Psychiatrists are trained to evaluate both the mental and physical components of psychological problems. They analyze patients to determine whether their symptoms are caused by physical illness, a combination of physical and mental illness, or solely mental illness. Read More: 

Veterinarian

A veterinarian, often known as a veterinary surgeon or veterinary physician, is a medical professional who treats diseases, problems, and injuries in animals other than humans.

Radiologist

Radiology is a medical speciality that involves the use of medical imaging to diagnose and treat diseases in both animals and humans. To diagnose or treat diseases, a range of imaging techniques are utilized, including X-ray radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and nuclear medicine, including positron emission tomography (PET), fluoroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Read More: 

Pulmonologist

Pulmonologists are doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating diseases of the respiratory system in both men and women. A pulmonologist is a doctor that specializes in internal medicine, lungs, and the cardio-pulmonary system, which includes the lungs, heart, blood vessels, and all of the organs that assist a person to breathe.

Endocrinologist

Patients with diabetes and thyroid issues are treated by an endocrinologist. He or she also sees osteoporosis patients as they get older. An endocrinologist is a physician who specializes in the treatment of patients who have endocrine system disorders. The pancreas and thyroid glands, which regulate hormones and control numerous critical functions, make up the human endocrine system.

Oncologists

Oncologists are doctors that examine, diagnose, and treat cancer using a variety of therapies, as well as medical and surgical care. Medical oncology, gynaecological oncology, pediatric oncology, radiation, surgical oncology, and haematology are some of the subspecialties in oncology. Medicinal oncologists treat cancer with immunotherapeutic, chemotherapeutic, and medical treatments.

Neurologists

Clinical support for patients with seizure disorders, epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular disorders, myasthenia gravis, or other nervous system infections is some of the roles of a neurologist. Encephalitis, meningitis, and brain abscesses are examples.

Cardiothoracic Surgeon

A cardiothoracic surgeon performs on the human body's chest-related organs, which were first diagnosed by a cardiologist. Blockages in the heart valve(s), atrial fibrillation, aneurysms of the big arteries in the chest, coronary artery disease, leaking heart valve(s), blockages of the arteries in the heart, abnormal enlargement, and heart failure are all treated by cardiothoracic surgeons.

Salary of Different Types of Doctors

Types of Doctors Average Monthly Salary
Cardiologists INR 1.22 L
Audiologists INR 1.33 L
Dentist INR 57,166
ENT Specialist INR 83,333
Gynaecologist INR 90,000
Orthopaedic Surgeon INR 1.36 L
Paediatrician INR 1.18 L
Psychiatrists INR 1.29 L
Veterinarian INR 45,797
Radiologist INR 43,677
Pulmonologists INR 1.07 L
Endocrinologist INR 2 L
Oncologist INR 1.20 L
Neurologist INR 3.28 L
Cardiothoracic Surgeon INR 3.48 L

Types of Doctors: FAQs

Ques. What are the different types of medical degrees?

Ans. Different types of medical degrees are MBBS, BDSBAMSBHMS, and many more.

Ques. Which type of doctor earns the most?

Ans. Surgeons, Dermatologists, and Urologists are some top-earning types of doctors.

Ques. What is the highest medical degree?

Ans. The degree of Doctor of medicine is considered the highest medical degree.

Ques. What basic qualifications do I need before pursuing specializations?

Ans. MBBS degree is the basic qualification you need in order to pursue any specialization in the medical field.

Ques. What skills do doctors require in general?

Ans. Good communication skills, patience, positive attitude are some of the basic skills that a doctor is expected to have.

Ask your question

Answered Questions

AM

Anuja Mishra

30 Jun 22

As per the cutoff trends, you need to score around 150+ in the AIIMS entrance examination to get a seat at AIIMS Delhi. However, the required cutoff can’t be predicted beforehand. It changes each year depending on different parameters such as the difficulty level of the question papers, the number of applicants, etc. 

The video explains the NEET score required to do MBBS from AIIMS

...Show More

NK

Nisha Khanna

23 Mar 21

Like two faces of the coin, each and every college have its own positive and negative aspects. Let us look through a few of them in order to find out the student satisfaction.

Positive aspects:

  • Curriculum: Academics are taken very seriously here. The curriculum is well designed, portions are always completed on time and professors are always on hand if you need any help.
  • Class strength: Entire batch will have only fifty students. So each one of you will get special attention. The student-faculty ratio is amazing. 
  • Ragging free campus: So far there are no complaints of ragging on campus. And any complaints regarding the same will be taken seriously. The locality around campus is safe for women in all aspects.
  • Location: If you live in Mumbai and wouldn't prefer traveling a long distance or do not wish to stay in a hostel, K J Somaiya is perfect for you. 
  • Facilities: College offers you amazing facilities. Libraries are stocked. The hostel is next to the college. The canteen is amazing. The campus even offers you football turf, cricket ground, skating rink, and indoor table tennis hall.
  • Private hospital: Being a privately funded hospital patients aren't scarce, but the place isn't overcrowded too. This gives you ample time for your PG preparation and also perfect clinical exposure.

Negative aspects:

  • High tuition fee: The fee is extremely high for an infrastructure which they offer. 3/4th of the college is non-air-conditioned. Girls’ hostels are pretty good but boys’ hostels are below average. Compared to other colleges, the needs are not fully met for the price you pay.
  • Extracurricular activities: There is not much encouragement from the management for participation in extracurricular activities. Yearly fest namely 'Akarshan' is all that college has to offer to you.
  • Strict attendance: Attendance is strictly maintained. If you fail to meet the minimum requirement you may be detained or your grades might be affected.

If the positive aspects from your perspective outweigh the negative ones, then college life is pretty good at KJ Somaiya. If money is not your primary concern and if you prefer Mumbai to study then this is the perfect college for you!

...Show More

AS

Arul Singh

29 Apr 22

AIIMS Rishikesh fees for MBBS are INR 5,856. Here are the fee details.

Academic & Other fees  Fees (in INR) Hostel & Other fees  Fees (in INR) 
Registration fees  25 Hostel rent 990
Caution money  100 Gymkhana fee 220
Tuition fee 1350 Pot fund  1320
Laboratory fee 90 Electricity charges 198
Student Union fee 63 Mess Security (refundable) 500
- Hostel security (refundable) 1000
Total  1628 Total 4228
Grand Total 5856

For a medical college, the course fee is one of the most inexpensive in the state.

...Show More

SS

Suman Sharma

06 Oct 21

Life is exciting as an MBBS student in JIPMER. One of my friends studied there, and here’s what he mentioned about it.

  • The campus is lush green. The weather is always good with clear skies and on clear nights stars are visible. 
  • There is very little pollution so the stars are clearly visible at night. 
  • The college starts at 8 AM and the professors are very punctual at that time so they don’t tolerate even a slight delay. Punctuality is a must here. 
  • The students always have to dress appropriately and are not allowed to wear slippers.
  • The exams conducted are lengthy with less time duration however it prepares students for the best. 
  • It’s sometimes hard to deal with a patient in just 60 minutes even after knowing that they are in a lot of pain. 
  • Students sometimes lose their cool and their patience. 
  • The faculties are really nice and helpful. 
  • They are also well-known personalities in their respective fields with lots of research or doctoral background. 

In general the academic pressure was very high and students were loaded with many exams and strict attendance policy. You get to meet amazing intellectuals as guest speakers or during organized camps.

...Show More

KJ

Khushi Jha

15 May 21

A friend of mine is doing an internship at Sharda University and is regretting each day he has to spend there. He says the money being spent for this purpose could have been put to better use.

Sharda University spends a fortune on its marketing but fails to deliver the facilities. The faculty is least interested in teaching the students and taking care of patients. The junior doctors do most of the hard work. There are very few surgeries performed. In addition to that, even normal deliveries of a sufficient number are not done. The internship involves making fake patient files. This is what they do during their clinical postings.

There are a lot of fees which are not mentioned in the advertisement(s). Other than these, Sharda University is a pretty popular college if you want to have fun. However, if you are serious about your life, look for other options.

...Show More

SR

Snigdha Roy

28 Sept 21

I have a friend from AIIMS, New Delhi, and here are some snippets of his experience from his initial days. 

  • The first day he got to know that he will be studying at AIIMS Delhi was quite overwhelming for him. He got many calls from his family and friends. He also received a video call from four of his seniors who seemed scary at that time but after his freshers, they will become his favorite seniors.
  • When he reached the AIIMS campus, the first thing that he wanted to do was stand in front of the garden which he had thought of for about two years and get a picture clicked. But he ended up getting confused between gate number one and gate number two and entered through gate 3. It’s better if you know a few seniors beforehand, they might take you to the hostel and your room, and then it becomes an interactive experience.
  • On the first day of CREST, his parents made sure he was settled in the hostel. Then the first thing of the day was the director‘s address in the Dr. Ramalinga Swamy board room. As the day progressed, he got to meet various people. Some of them became his best friends in a month. After this, he was taken to the campus and the hospital. He also visited CRHSP Ballabgarh the next day which is the sub-district Hospital under AIIMS where students are posted during their third years and internships. They also visited a PHC in Chains which is a village posting after the internship.

This was his initial experience at AIIMS. 

...Show More

AS

Abhishek Singhania

13 Oct 21

Your intelligence is determined by your hard work. Even if you have an IQ of 200 and do not work hard, you can still fail MBBS. Medicine, in general, is a test of determination, patience, and perseverance rather than intelligence.

Overall it all depends on you, if you don’t study, your IQ won’t help you pass your exams.

...Show More

NM

Nikhil Mishra

18 Nov 22

Every college is good in one or the other aspects. Its location, faculty, and infrastructure are the main factors that determine a college's priority. The following list contains the colleges in order of priority based on their pros and cons.

Pros:

  • BHU: No requirement to sign a bond

  • Seth GS: Located in Mumbai with the best academic structure 

  • KGMU Lucknow: The location and academic structure are perfect.

  • Other AIIMS: No need to sign any bond and the fee structure is affordable. AIIMS tag can help you with USMLE purposes.

Cons:

  • BHU: Located in Varanasi, it lacks the facilities of metropolitan cities like Delhi and Mumbai

  • Seth GS: Mumbai is expensive and a bond of 1 year needs to be signed

  • CMC Vellore: You will have to learn Tamil as it is located South India. The fee structure is pretty expensive.

  • Other AIIMS: They are usually not located in a good location except for Bhopal and Bhubaneswar.

The preferred order as per the pros and cons can be - BHU> AIIMS> KGMU> Grant> Seth GS> CMC Vellore

One college can be good for you but bad for others. This is because your own needs determine which college is best for you. So choose wisely.

...Show More

PR

Prashant Ranjan

04 May 22

Yes, CMC Vellore will allow admission for 2022. The application for MBBS 2022 has started. Here are the important dates for CMC Vellore MBBS admission 2022.

Process Dates 
Online application starts 2nd May 2022
Last date for submission of online application with payment  3rd June 2022
Last date for Submission of required documents  8th June 2022
Last date for receipt of certification forms from Minority Network organizations 24th June 2022
Online submission of NEET (UG) 2022 score  To be announced
Online submission of ARNo & Rank of TN Management quota 2022 To be announced
Counseling by Tamil Nadu Selection committee, DME, Chennai To be announced

Here is a detailed video on CMC Admission 2023

You can visit CMC Vellore, to know the admission process in detail. 

...Show More

ST

Sagnik Talukdar

16 Nov 22

AIIMS Raipur is already a leading figure in the field of medical education. This is a result of its top-notch infrastructure and elaborate teaching methods. It satisfies modern-day demands and your life will completely change if you opt for this college to pursue an MBBS. I have enumerated some points to convince you of the same:

  • You will be spending your first year at the Kabir Nagar Campus. This campus has lush green surroundings with a very clean environment. You will love your time here.

  • The hostel facilities are remarkable. Boys get a 2BHK flat with 3 boys in a flat whereas girls get a 3 BHK flat with 5 girls in a flat.

  • The college building comprises 3 floors with all the facilities you need to become a good medical student.

  • The hygiene here is notable. 

  • AIIMS offers excellent sports facilities like an indoor badminton court, volleyball (outdoor) basketball, 3–4 tables for table tennis, a football/cricket ground, and a mat for kabaddi.

  • The annual fest Oriana is the cherry on top. You will have a once-in-a-lifetime experience here.

So yes, your life will definitely change for the better if you opt for this college.

...Show More

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