CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Important Topics

One of the prerequisites of Class 12 Computer Science course is that the students should be already aware of the concepts learnt in the Class 11. Since the students are given basic understanding of Computer Systems and Organisation, Computational Thinking and Programming – 1 and Society, Law and Ethics concepts in Class 11 itself. It is time for the Senior students of Class 12 course to focus on other advanced topics that are given below:

• Computational Thinking and Programming - 2
• Computer Networks
• Database Management

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Exam Pattern

---

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Detailed Syllabus

Unit 1: Computational Thinking & Programming -2

Computational Thinking is a set of specific problem solving processes and cognitive skills. It comes even before programming. It describes the way of thinking at multiple levels of abstraction in order to make a complex problem look simple by breaking it down so that even a computer would be able to understand it easily. In computer science, computational thinking and programming are the first steps required in the learning process of coding, the most sought after job. Studying the concepts of Computational thinking and programming will help the students gain the knowledge of reasoning and problem solving.

Unit 2: Computer Networks

When a given set of computers are connected together in order to share information, then it is called a Computer Network. In IT, Computer networks are the basis of communication to carry out a large number of tasks such as sharing files, sharing devices like scanners & photocopiers, sharing software on remote systems, helping communicate via email, video and other messaging tools. In today’s digital work, computer networking has the ability to enable everything that we do both in personal and professional life.

Unit 3: Database Management 

Computer Science students can easily organize, store and retrieve the required data from a computer using Database Management. It is one of the most sought after skills in today’s job markets. With the increasing role of Big Data and Analytics, database management helps organize, track inventory and customers, stores huge piles of data with distinct types, automates various processes and runs business operations.

---

CBSE 12 Computer Science Term Wise Syllabus

CBSE has released updated syllabus for Term I and Term II Examination. The Term wise syllabus is given below:

Computer Science Term I Exam 2022

Unit I: Computational Thinking and Programming – 2 

• Revision of Python topics covered in Class XI. Functions: types of function (built-in functions, functions defined in module, user defined functions), creating user defined function, arguments and parameters, default parameters, positional parameters, function returning value(s), flow of execution, scope of a variable (global scope, local scope) . 
• Introduction to files, types of files (Text file, Binary file, CSV file), relative and absolute paths
• Text file: opening a text file, text file open modes (r, r+, w, w+, a, a+), closing a text file, opening a file using with clause, writing/appending data to a text file using write() and writelines(), reading from a text file using read(), readline() and readlines(), seek and tell methods, manipulation of data in a text file
• Binary file: basic operations on a binary file: open using file open modes (rb, rb+, wb, wb+, ab, ab+), close a binary file, import pickle module, dump() and load() method, read, write/create, search, append and update operations in a binary file.
• CSV file: import csv module, open / close csv file, write into a csv file using csv.writerow() and read from a csv file using csv.reader( )

Computer Science Term II Exam 2022

Unit I: Computational Thinking and Programming – 2 

• Data Structure: Stack, operations on stack (push & pop), implementation of stack using list. 

Unit II: Computer Networks 

• Evolution of networking: introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking (ARPANET, NSFNET, INTERNET) 
• Data communication terminologies: concept of communication, components of data communication (sender,receiver, message, communication media, protocols), measuring capacity of communication media (bandwidth, data transfer rate), IP address, switching techniques (Circuit switching, Packet switching) 
• Transmission media: Wired communication media (Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable, Fiber-optic cable), Wireless media (Radio waves, Micro waves, Infrared waves 
• Network devices (Modem, Ethernet card, RJ45, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway, WIFI card) 
• Network topologies and Network types: types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), networking topologies (Bus, Star, Tree) 
• Network protocol: HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/IP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, VoIP 
• Introduction to web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML), domain names, URL, website, web browser, web servers, web hosting 

Unit III: Database Management  

• Database concepts: introduction to database concepts and its need
• Relational data model: relation, attribute, tuple, domain, degree, cardinality, keys (candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key)
• Structured Query Language: introduction, Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language, data type (char(n), varchar(n), int, float, date), constraints (not null, unique, primary key), create database, use database, show databases, drop database, show tables, create table, describe table, alter table (add and remove an attribute, add and remove primary key), drop table, insert, delete, select, operators (mathematical, relational and logical), aliasing, distinct clause, where clause, in, between, order by, meaning of null, is null, is not null, like, update command, delete command
• Aggregate functions (max, min, avg, sum, count), group by, having clause, joins : Cartesian product on two tables, equi-join and natural join
• Interface of python with an SQL database: connecting SQL with Python, performing insert, update, delete queries using cursor, display data by using fetchone(), fetchall(), rowcount, creating database connectivity applications

CBSE 12 Computer Science Practical Syllabus

• The 30 marks practical is divided into Lab Test, Report file, Project and Viva voce.
• In the Lab Test, there is a Python program that uses 60% logic, 20% documentation and 20% code equality and there is another python program that is small in size but can display the results, if a SQL query is sent out to a database.
• In the Report file, out of 20 python programs, at the very least 4 programs should send SQL query to the database and should retrieve result.
• Project contains the computer science concepts that are learnt both in Class 11 and Class 12.
• Viva Voce is the last round of the practical’ s and it is used to test the candidates knowledge on the subject learnt.

Marks Distribution: Practical

Important Topics for Practical

The practical’s play a significant role in the student’s learning process. It helps engage the students, help them develop new skills and also understand scientific concepts and investigation. Along with the theory knowledge, practical’s along with the theory add value to the student’s career by giving them required skills and attitudes.

The computer science students of Class 12 are required to do practical’s under the major topics of Python Programming and Database Management. The list of topics for the practical’s that the students can choose from as per their interest are given below :

Python Programming

• Finding the factorial of a natural number indefinitely to produce the desired result
• The sum of all the elements of a list should be found out by writing a recursive code
• The nth Fibonacci number should be computed by writing a recursive code
• In a text file, the words should be read line by line and they should be displayed separately by a hashtag (#)
• Reading a text file and then displaying the total number of vowels, consonants, uppercase and lowercase characters.
• A binary file should be created with roll number and name. Then search for the roll number and the name, if it is not found then an appropriate display message should be displayed on the screen.
• A binary file with name, roll number and marks should be created. Student’s should input a roll number and then update the marks.
• The character ‘a’ in all the lines in a file should be removed and should be written in another file.
• A random number generator simulating a dice generating random numbers between 1 and 6 should be written.
• Using a list data structure, a Python program should be written to implement the stack and queue.
• Finding most commonly occurred or occurring words from a sample of 10 phishing mails or any other text file.

Database Management

Under the database management concept, a student table should be created and data should be inserted. The SQL commands that needs to be implemented on the student table are as follows :

1. ALTER command : Add or drop new attributes and also modify the data type
2. UPDATE command : Modify the data
3. ORDER BY command ; Display the data either in ascending or in descending order
4. DELETE command : Remove tuples (Immutable or cannot be changed/modified after creation)
5. GROUP BY command : Find minimum, maximum, sum, average and count

The other database management activities include ; Conducting similar (like the ones that are listed above) command exercises for other cases. Import MySQL module in order to integrate SQL and Python.

---