CBSE Class 12 Notes for Physics, Chemistry, Maths and Biology subjects are provided in this article. Class 12 PCMB Notes have been prepared as per the latest CBSE class 12 syllabus. Important topics in each chapter, mark distribution, NCERT Solutions, practicals, popular books and additional reference sources are also provided so that the students can have a clear understanding of the subject and prepare accordingly for their CBSE class 12 board examinations.
CBSE class 12 Physics syllabus has a total of 14 chapters categorised into 9 units under two terms.
Check: Detailed CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus
The mark-wise distribution for each of these units are tabulated below.
Unit No | Unit Chapters |
---|---|
Electrostatics | Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance |
Current Electricity | Chapter 3: Current Electricity |
Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism | Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter |
Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents | Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction Chapter 7: Elternating Currents |
Electromagnetic Waves | Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves |
Optics | Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Chapter 10: Wave Optics |
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter |
Atoms and Nuclei | Chapter 12: Atoms Chapter 13: Nuclei |
Semiconductor Electronic Devices | Chapter 14:Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits |
This chapter deals with extensive studies on electric charges and fields. This chapter also describes Gauss's law, Coulomb's law, and dipoles in a unified external field. The important notes in this chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1 marks to 5 marks.
Also Read:
This chapter describes the concepts of electrostatic potential and capacitance, and related concepts such as electric dipole potential, and so on. Here are some important notes about the Electrostatic Potential and Capability chapter:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1 marks to 5 marks.
Also Read:
This chapter- Current Electricity includes the topics Resistor Colour Codes. In this chapter the students will be able to get expkanations of the concepts like- Ampere, Draft Velocity, and Electromotive Force. Here are the important topics from this chapter-
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1 marks to 5 marks.
Also Read:
This chapter, Moving Charges and Magnetism, explained the basic concepts of magnetism using the concepts of Savar's law, and Ampere's circulation law. Here are some important links from this chapter:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 5 questions of 1 marks to 5 marks.
Also Read:
This chapter includes the basic relationships between magnetism with other matters. In this chapter related concepts like Magnetism and Gauss’s Law, Ferromagnetism, Magnetic Susceptibility, Magnetic Poles are also explained. The important topics from this chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 5 questions of 1 marks to 5 marks.
Also Read:
With the references of the previous chapter, this one includes the explanations of the concepts like Magnetic Flux, Faraday’s Law of Induction, Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy. This chapter also includes the detailed studies of Unit of Magnetic Flux, Motional emf. The important topics from this chapter include-Important notes for Electromagnetic Induction chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 5 questions of 1 marks to 5 marks.
Also Read:
Here the concept related to Alternating Current are explained with topics like- Transformers, Power Factor, Types of AC Motors. The important topics from this chapter-Important notes for Alternating Current chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 5 questions of 1 marks to 5 marks.
Also Read:
This chapter is an introductory chapter to the concept- Electromagnetic Waves along with the ideas of Maxwell Equations, Gamma Radiation. Here are the other important topics from this chapter:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1 marks to 5 marks.
Also Read:
Other Important Articles From This Chapter | ||
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Impedance of free space | Gamma Radiation | Maxwell Equations |
Electromagnetic Waves | NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Physics Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves | Electromagnetic Waves MCQ |
This chapter portrays the ideas of Refraction and Reflection. Important notes for Ray Optics and Optical Instruments chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1 marks to 5 marks.
Also Read:
The chapter includes the study of the relations between lights and wave that helps it to spread. This chapter allso explains related concepts like- Huygens Principle, Brewster's Law and Coherent Sources. Important notes for Wave Optics chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1 marks to 5 marks.
Also Read:
This chapter introduced the concept like- Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect, Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation in details. Important notes for Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1 marks to 3 marks.
Also Read:
This chapter includes a detailed knowledge of Atoms along with other concepts like Alpha Particle Mass, Modern Physics, Fermi Energy. Important notes for Atoms chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1 marks to 3 marks.
Also Read:
Other Important Articles From This Chapter | ||
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Value of c | Spectral Series | Particle physics |
Bohr Radius | Energy Level | Quantum mechanics |
Ionizing radiation | Energy level formula | NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Chapter 12 Atoms |
This Chapter includes the detailed study for the concept Nuclei. It also includes other important topics like- Beta Decay, Nuclear Physics, and Readioactive Decay. Here are some of the important topics from this chapter:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1 marks to 3 marks.
Also Read:
The concepts of Semiconductor Electronics are introduced along with other related concepts like- Transitor, Fullwave Rectifier, and Half Wave Rectifier. Important notes for Semiconductor Electronics chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 2 questions of 1 marks to 5 marks.
Also Read:
Class 12 Physics Practicals carries 30 marks. The mark distribution for practicals is as follows:
The list of Class 12 Physics practicals is tabulated below.
CBSE class 12 Chemistry syllabus has a total of 13 chapters categorised into 6 units under two terms.
Check: Detailed Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus
The mark-wise distribution for each of these units are tabulated below.
Title | No. of Periods | Marks Allotted |
---|---|---|
Solutions | 15 | 7 |
Electrochemistry | 18 | 9 |
Chemical Kinetics | 15 | 7 |
d -and f -Block Elements | 18 | 7 |
Coordination Compounds | 18 | 7 |
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | 15 | 6 |
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | 14 | 6 |
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | 15 | 8 |
Amines | 14 | 6 |
Biomolecules | 18 | 7 |
Total | 160 | 70 |
The idea of Solutions, along with it’s properties, Ideal and Non-ideal, Azeotrope, Factors Affecting Solubility. Important topics of Solutions chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: Around 2 to 3 questions of 1 to 3 marks
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This chapter is an introduction to Electrochemistry, along with other related topics like- Electrochemical Cells, Batteries, Electrolytic Cell. Important topics of Electrochemistry chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1 - 3 marks
Also Read:
The basic fundamental ideas related to Chemical Kinetics, such as- Surface Chemistry, First Order Reactions, Pseudo First Order Reaction are explained in this chapter. Important topics of Chemical Kinetics chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1 - 3 marks
Also Read:
This particular chapter deals with the d and f block elements as well as the related concepts like- Chlorine, lanthanoids contraction, Actinium. Important topics of d & f-Block Elements chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 4 questions of 1 - 5 marks
Also Read:
Other Important Topics Related To This Chapter | ||
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Colour Transition Elements | NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry d & f Block Elements | Handwritten Notes for Class 12 Chemistry d & f Block Elements |
In this chapter the basic ideas of Coordination Compounds along with other related concepts like- Coordination number, Wilkinsons Catalyst. Important topics of Coordination Compounds chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 4 questions of 1 - 5 marks
Also Read:
The concept of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes are described with other concepts like Finkelstein reaction, optical isomerism, Enantiomers and Ester Hydrolysis in rhis chapter. Important topics of Haloalkenes and Haloarenes chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 5 questions of 1 - 5 marks
Also Read:
This chapter deals with the fundamental ideas of Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers along with other related cocepts like- Friedel Crafts reaction, Lucas Test etc. Important topics of Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 5 questions of 1 - 5 marks
Also Read:
The topics related to Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids are described in this chapter. It also deals with important topics like- Nucleophilic Addition Reaction , Etard reaction.Important topics of Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acid chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 6 questions of 1 - 5 marks
Also Read:
This chapter can be considered as the detailed studies related of– Sandmeyer reaction, Gatterman reaction, Coupling Reaction. Important topics of Amines chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 6 questions of 1 - 5 marks
Also Read:
This chapter can be considered as a detailed studies of Biomolecules along with other imortant topics such as- amylose, glutamic acid, histidine, oligosaccharide, aspartic acid, anthocyanins, etc. Important topics of Biomolecules chapter include:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 5 questions of 1 - 5 marks
Also Read:
Class 12 Chemistry Practicals carries 30 marks. The mark distribution for practicals is as follows:
The list of Class 12 Chemistry practicals is tabulated below.
CBSE class 12 Mathematics syllabus has a total of 13 chapters categorised into 6 units under two terms.
Check: Detailed Class 12 Mathematics Syllabus
The mark-wise distribution for each of these units are tabulated below.
Unit | Chapters | Marks |
---|---|---|
Relations and Functions | 08 | |
Algebra | 10 | |
Calculus | 35 | |
Vectors and Three Dimensional Geometry | 14 | |
Linear Programming | 05 | |
Probability | 08 | |
Internal Assessment | 20 | |
Total | 100 |
This chapter deals with various binary functions, such as- binary addition, binary subtraction, binary division, Onto Function etc.Important topics covered in Relation and Function chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks
Also Read:
This chapter introduced the concept of InverseTrigonometry, and deals with the in depth study related to it including- Graphs of Inverse Trigonometric Functions, Inverse Tan, etc.Important topics covered in Inverse Trigonometric Functions chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 3 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
In this chapter the detailed idea related to Matrix is explained along with the related topics like- Diagonal matrix, Scalar matrix, Identity matrix, Column Matrix, Row Matrix. Important topics covered in Matrices chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 5 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
This chapter deals with the core concepts of Determinants along with the other prominant mathematical theories. For example- Applications of Determinants and Matrices, Area of a Triangle, Non Singular Matrix. Important topics covered in Determinants chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 5 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
Here the ideas of Continuity and Differentiability and the relation between them are discussed. This chapter also includes- Logarithmic Differentiation, Continuous Function, Second Order Derivative. Important topics covered in Continuity and Differentiability chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 7 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
This chapter will help the students to understand the applications related to Derivatives in details, along with the other related topics like- interpolation formula, lagrange interpolation formula, linear approximation formula. Important topics covered in Application of Derivatives chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 7 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
This chapter deals with the concept Integrals and various functions related to it. It includes- Methods of Integration, Integration by Partial Fractions, Integration by Parts, Definite Integral as well.Important topics covered in Integrals Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 8 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
This chapter can be considered as an extensive study related to the previous chapter, along with Definite Integral Formula .Important topics covered in Application of Integrals Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 8 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
Other Related Articles From this Chapter | ||
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Properties Of Definite Integral | NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 8- Application of Integrals | Application of Integrals Handwritten Notes |
This chapter deals with the concept of Differential Equation. In this chapter other related topics like- Differential Equations Applications, First Order Differential Equation are also discussed.Important topics covered in Differential Equation Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 8 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
This chapter is an introductory chapter to Vector. It incudes some important topics like Position Vector, Direction Cosines, Unit Vector, Equal Vector as well. Important topics covered in Vector Equation Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 4 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
The basic ideas of dimentional geometry are explained in this chapter here along with the other concepts like, Angle Between Two Vectors, section formula 3 dimension etc. Important topics covered in Three dimensional geometry Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 4 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11- Three Dimensional Geometry
This chapter includes the fundamental studies related to linear programming. Important topics covered in Linear Programming Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks
Also Read: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 12- Linear Programming
This chapter deals with Probability, along with other important topics like- Bias, difference between mutually exclusive and independent events.Important topics covered in Probability Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
CBSE class 12 Biology syllabus has a total of 13 chapters categorised into 6 units under two terms.
Check: Class 12 Biology Syllabus
The mark-wise distribution for each of these units are tabulated below.
Unit | Chapters | Marks |
---|---|---|
Reproduction | 16 | |
Genetics and Evolutions | Principles of Inheritance and Variation | 20 |
Biology and Human Welfare | 12 | |
Biotechnology and its Applications | 12 | |
Ecology and Environment | 10 | |
Total | 70 |
This chapter includes various topics related to the sexual reproduction in flowering plants.Important topics covered in Reproduction in Organisms Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks
Also Read:
This chapter contains various topics related to sexual reproduction of flowering plants. Important topics covered in Sexual Reproduction in flowering Plants Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks
Also Read:
Other Important Links From This Chapter | ||
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Maternal mortality rate | Gestational Diabetes | NCERT Solutions for Reproductive Health |
This chapter introduced the concept of the human reproductive system and other related topics like- Fertilization, stem cells .Important topics covered in Human Reproduction Chapter are:
Expected Nmber of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks
Also Read:
Chapter 4: Reproductive Health
This chapter is an extensive study related to the previous chapter. It deals with the concept of Infertility and other health issues related to the reproductive helath as well. Important topics covered in Reproductive Health Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks
Also Read:
Other Important Links From This Chapter | ||
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Maternal mortality rate | Gestational Diabetes | NCERT Solutions for Reproductive Health |
In this chapter the Principles of Inheritance and Variationare discussed along with the ideas of Linkage and crossing over, Colour blindness, Thalassemia, Hemophilia. Important topics covered in Principles of Inheritance and Variation Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 3 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
This chapter is an extensive part of the previous chapters. It includes topics like- DNA packaging, DNA replication, Genetic code, Genome, DNA as well. Important topics covered in Molecular Basis of Inheritance Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 3 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
This chapter is all about Evolution and it deals with the related topics like Lamarckism, Palaeontology, Origin of Life etc. Important topics covered in Evolution Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 2 to 3 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
This chapter various human diseases are described with their causes as well as their efects on the human health. This chapter includes- Pathogens, Malaria, Dengue, Filariasis, etc. Important topics covered in Human Health and Diseases Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
The ideas about microbes in human welfare are explained in this chapter along with the ideas of Ganga action plan, Leprosy, vitamin b 12 deficiency etc. Important topics covered in Strategies for Enhancement in Food production Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read: NCERT Solutions for Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
This chapter provides the ideas about microbes in human welfare here that includes the ideas of Ganga action plan, Leprosy, vitamin b 12 deficiency etc.Important topics covered in Microbes in Human Welfare Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
Other Important Links From This Chapter | ||
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Biogas | Biology and Human Welfare | Bio Control Agents |
Microbes As Biofertilizers | Microbes In Industrial Products | NCERT Solutions for Microbes in Human Welfare |
This chapter introduced the core ideas of Biotechnology. It includes related topics like the applications of biotechnologies, Extinction, Endengered Species and pcr etcImportant topics covered in Biotechnology Principles and Processes Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 5 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
This chapter is an extensive study connected with the previous chapter. In this chapter related topics like Plasmid Definition, GEAC, etc.Important topics covered in Biotechnology and Its Applications Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 5 questions of 1-5 marks
Also Read:
Other Important Links From This Chapter | ||
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Elisa Technique | Biotechnology Mcqs | NCERT Solutions for Biotechnology and its Application |
This chapter includes a detailed study of Organisms and Populations, along with the concept of studying population by quadrat method.Important topics covered in Organisms and Population Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks
Also Read: NCERT Solutions for Organisms and Population
This chapter deals with a very important topic- Ecosystem. In this chapter the related topics like Photosynthetically active radiation, Phosphorus Cycle, Abiotic Factors, etc. Important topics covered in Ecosystem Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks
Also Read:
In this chapter, related topics like Biodiversity conservation, Hotspots, Endemic Species are explained. Important topics covered in Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks
Also Read:
Other Important Links From This Chapter | ||
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Cryopreservation | Keystone Species | Flagship Species |
Kt Extinction | Biodiversity And Conservation MCQ | NCERT Solution for Biodiversity and Conservation |
This chapter deals with the basic kowledges about the envioronmental issues that we face in our daily lives. Important topics covered in Environmental Issues Chapter are:
Expected Number of Questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks
Also Read: NCERT Solutions for Environmental Issues
Class 12 Biology Practicals carries 30 marks. The mark distribution for practicals is as follows:
Class 12 English syllabus is divided into three books- Flamingo, Vistas, and Kaleidoscope.
This book, Flamingo includes 8 prose chapters and 6 poems in total-
Flamingo- Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions |
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Poetry Chapter 2: An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum (Omitted) |
This book, Vistas includes 8 short stories in total-
Vistas- Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions |
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Chapter 5: Should Wizard Hit Mommy? (Omitted) |
Chapter 7: Evans Tries an O-Level (Omitted) |
This book includes Short stories, poems, non-fictions and drama all under one cover-
Kaleidoscope- Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions |
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Chapter 1 I Sell My Dreams |
Chapter 2 Eveline |
Chapter 3 Wedding In Brownsville |
Chapter 1 A Lecture Upon the Shadow |
Poetry Chapter 2 Poems By Milton |
Poetry Chapter 3 Poems By Blake |
Poetry Chapter 4 Kubla Khan |
Poetry Chapter 5 Trees |
Poetry Chapter 6 The Wild Swan of Coole |
Poetry Chapter 7 Time and Time Again |
Essay 1 Freedom |
Essay Chapter 2 The Mark On The Wall |
Essay Chapter 3 Film-making |
Essay Chapter 4 Why Are Novel Matters |
Essay Chapter 5 The Argumentative Indian |
Drama Chandalika |
All the important numericals, equations, concepts, theories and handwritten notes PDF from all PCMB chapters have been comprehensively covered and provided in each of the articles below.
Subject | Popular Reference books |
---|---|
Physics | |
Chemistry | Pradeep’s New Course Chemistry Book |
Maths | Senior Secondary School Mathematics by RS Agarwal |
Biology | Truman’s Class 12 Elementary Biology |
English | CBSE Topic/Chapter Wise Question Bank- Oswaal Publications English Core textbook for class 12- Sahitya Bhawan Wren and Martin Grammar Book |
Also Check,
*The article might have information for the previous academic years, please refer the official website of the exam.