JEE Main Study Notes for Basic Concepts in Chemistry: Chemistry is the part of science that deals with substances, their properties, structures, and their transformation. Since all the objects in the universe are made of matter, understanding their properties is also important. JEE Main also focuses on posing questions from basic concepts and each year 2 questions at least are put forward. 

Basic concepts of Chemistry is the main chapter of JEE Main Chemistry syllabus that every candidate should revise well before appearing in the examination. This topic is not so important but this is the most scored topic in Chemistry. The authority who sets the question paper often tends to check your knowledge of how well you have prepared for the questions. Check JEE Main Chemistry Preparation Tips

JEE Main study notes for basic concepts in Chemistry include some important topics like Matter and its nature, Significant figures and scientific notation introduction, laws of chemical combination, Atoms and molecules, chemical formulas, and the Mole concept. Candidates can find detailed JEE Main study notes for basic concepts in Chemistry in this article. 

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Matter: Nature and Properties 

Anything that exhibits inertia is being referred to as matters. The quantity of matter is its mass, and it is fixed based on the various chemical compositions of substances.

Everything in the world that has some mass and holds some space is being referred to as matter. Matter exists in three different physical forms including solid, liquid and gas.

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Elements

• Elements are the simplest types of matter.
• The smallest unit of an element is being referred to as atom.
• The total number of the known elements is 118, out of which 98 elements happen naturally and 20 are formed by artificial transmutation.
• Some of the examples of elements include Na, K, Mg. Al, Si, P, C, F, Br, etc.

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Compound

• Compounds are the non-elemental pure compound.
• They are created with the chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in a fixed ratio.
• Some of the examples of compounds include H2O, CO2, C6H12O6 etc.

Also Check:

• JEE Main Study Notes for Equilibrium

• JEE Main Study Notes for s block Elements

• JEE Main Study Notes for States of Matter

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Mixture

• Mixtures are formed by the physical combination of two or more pure substances in any ratio.
• The chemical identity of the pure components will be maintained in mixtures.
• Homogeneous mixtures are the ones whose composition for each part is the same.
• Some of the examples include Aqueous and gaseous solutions.
• Heterogeneous mixtures are those whose composition may vary for each part. Example, Soil, and concrete mixtures.

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Physical Quantities and Their Measurement

Fundamental Units

Fundamental units are not derived from one another; also they are not resolved into any further other units. There are a total of seven fundamental units of the S.I. system including:

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Derived Units

These units are the function of more than one fundamental unit:

Also Check:

• JEE Main Study Notes for Surface Chemistry

• JEE Main Study Notes for States of Matter

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Dalton’s Atomic Theory

• According to this theory, each matter consists of indivisible atoms.
• Atoms can neither be created nor can they be destroyed.
• Atoms of a given element are the same in their properties.
• Atoms of different elements have different properties.
• The atoms with different elements combine in a fixed ratio to produce molecule of a compound.

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Precision and Accuracy

Precision: Closeness of outcomes of different measurements taken for the same quantity.

Accuracy: Accuracy means the agreement of experimental value to the real value

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Significant figures- Rules

• All non-zero digits are important.
• Zeroes preceding the first non-zero digit are not important.
• Zeroes between two non-zero digits are important.
• Zeroes at the end of a number are significant when they are on the right side of the decimal point.
• The counting numbers of objects include infinite significant figures.

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Scientific Notation

• The numbers are represented in N × 10n form.
• In this case, N means Digit term while n means exponent having positive or negative value.
• Some of the examples of scientific notation include 12540000 = 1.254 × 107
• 0.00456 = 4.56 ×10-3

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Mathematical Operations of Scientific Notation

• Multiplication and Division
• Follow the same rules which are for exponential number.
• Example: (7.0 ×103 ) × (8.0×10-7 ) = ( 7.0×8.0) × ( 10[3 + (-7)] ) = 56.0 × 10-4
• The result don’t have more digits to the rite of decimal point than any of the original numbers
• (7.0 ×103 ) / (8.0×10-7 ) = ( 7.0/8.0) × ( 10[3 - (-7)] ) = 0.875 ×1010 = 0.9 ×1010

Addition and Subtraction

• Numbers are written in a way that it results in the same exponent and after that coefficients are either added or removed.
• (5 ×103 ) + (8×105 ) = (5 ×103 ) + (800×103 ) = (5+800) ×103 = 805×103
• The results need to be reported with no more significant figures as there in the original number with few significant figures.

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What are the rules for limiting the result of mathematical operations?

• In case the rightmost digit is removed by more than 5, the preceding number is increased by one.
• If the rightmost digit is removed by less than 5, the preceding number will remain the same.
• If the rightmost digit to be removed is 5, then the preceding number is not changed if it is an even number but is increased by one if it is an odd number.

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Atomic and Molecular Masses

Atomic Mass

• Mass of an atom.
• Atomic mass is reported in the atomic mass unit “amu” or in unified mass “U”
• One atomic mass unit, amu, is the mass which is equal to one-twelfth the mass of one carbon-12 atom.

Molecular Mass

• This mass is equal to the total sum of atomic masses of all the elements that are present inside the molecule.

Formula Unit Mass

• Mass of a molecule of an ionic compound
• Formula Unit Mass will remain equal to the sum of atomic masses of all the elements that are present in the molecule

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Laws of Chemical Combination

Law of conservation of mass- For any chemical change, the total mass of active reactants will always remain equal to the mass of the product formed.

Law of constant proportions- This law states that the chemical compound will always contains the same elements in definite proportion by mass and they will not depend on the source of the compound.

Law of multiple proportions- When two elements are combined together to form two or more than two different compounds the different masses of one element B combines with fixed mass of the other element.

Law of reciprocal proportion- If two elements B and C react with the same mass of a third element (A), then, the ratio with which they have reacted will remain the same.

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Previous Year Solved Questions from Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Question 1- Ammonia contains 82.65 % N2 and 17.65% H2. In case the law of constant proportions is right, then the mass of zinc required to give 10 g Ammonia will be:

• 8.265 g
• 0.826 g
• 82.65 g
• 826.5 g

Solution- The mass of zinc required to give 10 g ammonia will be 0.826 g

Question 2- No matter what type of source it is, pure sample of water will results in 88.89% mass of oxygen and 11.11% mass of hydrogen. This fact is explained by the law of:

• conservation of mass
• constant composition
• multiple proportion
• constant volume

Solution- The correct answer is B

Question 3- Copper oxide was prepared by the beneath ways:

a. In the first case, 1.75 g of the metal is dissolved in nitric acid and igniting the residual copper nitrate producing 2.19 g of copper oxide.

b. In the second situation, 1.14 g of metal dissolved in nitric acid was precipitated as copper hydroxide by adding caustic alkali solution. The precipitated copper hydroxide after washing, drying, and heating results in 1.43 g of copper oxide.

c. In the third case, 1.45 g of copper on heating strongly in a current of air results 1.83 g of copper oxide. Explain that the given data illustrates the law of constant composition.

Solution:

Step 1: In the first experiment.

• 2.19 g of copper oxide include 1.75 g of Cu.
• 100 g of copper oxide contained

Step 2: In the second experiment.

• 1.43 g of copper oxide include 1.14 g of copper.
• 100 g of copper oxide contained

Step 3: In the third experiment.

• 1.83 g of copper oxide include 1.46 g of copper
• 100 g of copper oxide contained

The percentage of copper in copper oxide obtained in all of them is almost the same. Hence, the above data explains the law of constant composition.

Question 1: Which of the following laws explains that “For any chemical change total mass of active reactants are always equal to the mass of the product formed?”

• Law of Conservation of Mass
• Law of Constant Composition
• Law of Multiple Proportions
• Gay Lussac’s law

Solution- Correct option is Law of Conservation of Mass

Question 2- What will be the mass of water formed by reaction of two gram hydrogen with 16 gram oxygen?

• 16 g

• 32 g

• 18 g

• 20 g

Solution- Correct option is 18g

Question 3: The statement “Chemical compound has the same elements in definite proportion by mass and it is not dependent on the source of compound” is explained in

• Law of Conservation of Mass

• Law of Constant Composition

• Law of Multiple Proportions

• Gay Lussac’s law

Solution- Correct option is Law of Constant Composition

Question 4- Hydrogen is combined with chlorine to produce HCl. Also, hydrogen is combined with sodium to produce NaH. If sodium and chlorine are combined with each other, they will do the same in the ratio

• 23 : 35.5

• 35.5 : 23

• 1 : 1

• 23 : 1

Correct option is 23 : 35.5

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JEE Main 2022 Chemistry Preparation Tips

• Chemistry is one of the most scoring subjects for most of the JEE Main aspirants as it includes the basics with the difficulty curve remaining the same almost every year. The questions asked in Chemistry are more theoretical than calculative which makes it easy to solve them.
• JEE Main Chemistry Syllabus is less about conceptual applications and more about systemic planning. If you want to get a good score in this section, you must memorize all the formulas, named reactions, chemical equations, and periodic table trends as all these concepts constitute a major portion of IIT JEE Chemistry syllabus. A lot of direct and indirect questions about these concepts are asked in the exam.
• The best way to solve chemistry problems includes developing a broad understanding of the fundamental concepts. Students with a solid conceptual foundation can easily solve the IIT JEE Chemistry problems. All you need is to memorize different theories and formulas that will help the JEE aspirants to develop their problem-solving skills.
• The JEE Chemistry study material is offered to the students with an aims to develop their understanding and evaluation of different concepts included in Organic, Inorganic, and Physical Chemistry. With the help of JEE Chemistry important topics, the aspirants can get a detailed idea of the marks allocation and weightage of different concepts covered in the IIT JEE chemistry syllabus.
• While preparing for the JEE entrance exam, the candidates must practice more of previous years’ question papers and mock tests that play an important role in preparations. More practicing will help the student in realizing their stronger and weaker points and how they should approach a question.
• It is important to have a better and more detailed understanding of the type of questions that can come in the exam so that the students get mentally prepared for the same and can know how to solve these questions. Students can practice more on last year's papers, which is an extremely important step while preparing for JEE Main Chemistry.
• The last section of the chemistry includes general topics like polymers, environmental chemistry, and chemistry in everyday life. Such chapters are very easy for candidates who are preparing for JEE. Memorizing some certain like the Periodic Table, Atomic Weights, Atomic Symbols, Atomic Numbers, etc. are important and must be included while preparing for the Chemistry section

Best Books for JEE Main Chemistry

As the Chemistry preparation for JEE Main is done majorly through books and comprises theoretical parts, studying from good books has an important role. The candidates must not juggle between several books as that will only lead to confusion. They should refer to certain books that are reputed and acclaimed to be the best publications for the subject. Some of the best books of Chemistry for the preparation of JEE Main are given below:

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Last Minute Preparation Tips for JEE Main Chemistry

We are discussing some of the approaches that will help to ace the exam.

• Revision & Practice- Revision is the most essential thing to remember all the concepts and formulas. So, pay more emphasis on all the important topics, especially when JEE Mains is just a month away.
• Don’t study any new topics, especially in the last few days. Just make sure that you are revising and paying a detailed focus on improving the topics that you know very well.
• Solving more of last year’s papers and the mocks test will help you to know the difficulty level and type of questions. You must solve more sample papers and take the online mock test as per your time frame.
• Take Short Break- Don’t make your preparation more stressful, rather divide the study time into equal parts with fixed intervals. Taking small breaks between your studies will help you to stay more focused. You can listen to your favorite tasks in between your studies, you can listen to your favorite music, or can go for a short walk, besides doing other activities as well.
• Be Healthy- Stay healthy while doing preparation, do not skip your meal. Taking healthy food is important as it will help you to stay healthy and fit.
• Stay Confident: Do feel demotivated while doing the preparations; stay confident that you will crack the JEE Mains with flying colors.

JEE Main Chemistry 70 Day Study Plan

Candidates can make a study plan for the last 70 days remaining for JEE Main 2022. During the last days, most of the candidates are almost done with their syllabus and are planning to start the revisions. Your revisions also need to be planned so that you can cover all the topics. So here we have prepared a 70 days study plan which is as follows :

JEE Main Basic Concepts in Chemistry: People Also Ask