CAT Logical Reasoning Topic Syllogism can be defined as an argument that can be answered by providing the reason. CAT Syllogism carries the weightage of around 3 to 4 questions in CAT Question Paper. It is a topic that is asked frequently as per the CAT Paper Analysis for the previous year's question papers and the questions are usually in the form of a set of questions. 

To solve the questions based on Syllogism in CAT 2021, candidates first have to understand the meaning of statements then move for the conclusions and after that mark the answer. With the help of some methods like Venn Diagrams and analytical methods, syllogism questions can be solved easily. Read the article to know more about some tricks, important formulas, and solved sample questions. 

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Syllogism for CAT Logical Reasoning Formulas

Some rules to solve the problem of Syllogism for CAT Logical Reasoning are as follows. 

• All+All=All
• All+No=No
• All+Some=No conclusion
• Some+All=Some
• Some+No= Some Not
• Some+Some= No Conclusion
• No +All = Some Not(Reversed)
• No+Some=Some Not (Reversed)
• No+No=No Conclusion

Syllogism for CAT Logical Reasoning Shortcut Tricks

Some steps to convert a solution into the possibility are given below:

1. If All A are B, then it can be said – Some B are not A is a Possibility.
2. If Some B are not A, then it can be said – All A are B is a possibility.
3. If Some A are B, then it can be said – All A are B is a Possibility and All B are A is a Possibility.
4. All Some <———> Not Reversed
5. Some <———-> All
6. NO Conclusion = Any Possibility is true

Some implementations for the solution from a single statement are given below:

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CAT Syllogism: Basic Concepts

• Syllogisms consist of statements and conclusions. 
• Candidates will be given a set of statements and candidates have to find the correct conclusion from the assumed propositions. . 
• Syllogisms tests the candidates deductive reasoning skills. 
• This topic is important as it is an indicator of a candidate's real world performance in a business setting where they have to deal with such scenarios often. 
• It is important to remember that a syllogism contains all the information required to reach the accurate conclusion. 
• Under new circumstances shall candidates assume that they require more information. 
• Definite Conclusions: Definite conclusions are always true based on the statements give. 
• Possibilities: They can be true but are not definite. 

How to Solve CAT Syllogisms Questions?

• There are primarily 2 ways to solve syllogisms, i.e through venn diagrams and through analytical method. 
• The Venn Diagram method is used more frequently as it is easier and faster as well. 
• In Venn Diagrams, a diagram is drawn based on the information provided and candidates can find out the answer through the diagram. 
• The Analytical Method for solving syllogisms is done mentally. 
• Candidates who are exceptional at reasoning can solve syllogism mentally by visually picturing the information presented. 

Syllogism : Venn Diagram

• A Venn diagram is a figure that represents or visually portrays the relationship between the objects as given in the statements provided. 
• Usually, it is in the form of circles and lines/flowcharts. 
• Each term can be represented as a circle. For eg, if there are three classes there will be three circles.
• In the figure given below, the area in the circle represents the members of the class. 
• The area outside the circles represents all others. 
• Shading represents that no individual exists in that specific area. 
• Empty spaces mean that there is no information about it. 

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CAT Syllogisms Sample Questions

In the below section, some sample questions with the answer for Syllogism for CAT Logical Reasoning are mentioned. 

Ques: Statements:

No tree is a flower Some trees are fruits Conclusions:

(I) Fruits that are trees are not flowers.

(II) No fruit is a flower.

1. The only conclusion I follow
2. Only conclusion II follows
3. Either conclusion I or II follows
4. Neither conclusion I nor II follows

Correct Answer: (1)

Ques: Statements:

Lady's Finger is tastier than cabbage

Cauliflower is tastier than Lady's Finger

Cabbage is not tastier than peas

1. Peas are as tasty as lady's finger
2. Peas are as tasty as cauliflower and lady's finger
3. Peas are not tastier than lady's finger
4. Cauliflower is tastier than cabbage
5. None of the above options

Correct Answer: (4)

Ques: Statements:

Some A are B. Some C are A.

Conclusions:

(I) Some C are B.

(II) Some B are A.

1. Only conclusion I follows
2. Only conclusion II follows
3. Either conclusion I or II follows
4. Neither conclusion I nor II follows

Correct Answer: (2)

Ques: Statements:

Some cats are animals.

All plants are animals.

All animals are plants. Conclusions:

1. Some cats are plants.
2. All plants are animals.
3. All animals are cats.
4. All plants are cats.

Options:

1. Only II and III follow
2. Only II follows
3. Only I, II and IV follow
4. Only I and II follow
5. None of the above options

Correct Answer: (4)

Ques: Statements:

Some roads are highways. Some highways are seaways. Some seaways are airways.

Conclusions:

1. Some airways are roads.
2. Some seaways are roads.
3. Some airways are highways.
4. Some roads are airways.

Options

1. Only III and IV follow
2. Only III and IV follow
3. Only I and II follow
4. All of the conclusions follow
5. None of the above follow

Correct Answer: (5)

Ques: Statements:

All boots are sandals. No sandal is a shoe. All shoes are rings. Conclusions:

1. Some boots are rings.
2. All sandals are boots.
3. Some rings are sandals.
4. All rings are shoes.

Options

1. Either I or II follow
2. Either III or IV follow
3. Only II and IV follow
4. Neither I nor II follow
5. All of the above follow

Correct Answer: (4)

Ques: Statements:

Some Q are E. All E are D. No D is A. Conclusions:

1. Some Q are not A.
2. Some Q are not D.
3. All Q are D.
4. No Q is A.

Options:

1. Only III follows
2. Either I or IV follow
3. Either II or III follow and I follows
4. Only IV follows
5. All of the above follow

Correct Answer: ( 3)

Ques: Statements:

All mangoes are fruits. No fruit is an apple. Some apples are vegetables. Some fruits are carrots. Conclusions:

1. No mango is an apple.
2. Some vegetables are not apples.
3.  Some mangoes are carrots.
4. Some vegetables are apples.

Options

1. Only I and IV follow
2. Only I, II or IV follows
3. Either III or IV follow and I follows
4. Either II or IV follows
5. None of the above options.

Correct Answer: (1)

Ques: There are four arguments given in the below section. And arguments are a complete set of three sentences. Mention which one of the third sentences is considered as a logical conclusion of both the first and the second sentences, taking the first two sentences as correct.

1. Some A are B. All B are C. Some A are C.
2. All men are yellow. No yellow are women. No men are women.
3. No ring is a chain. Some chains are watches. Some rings are watches.
4. Every P has a Q. All Q are R. No R has a P.

Options:

1. I and III
2. II
3. I and II
4. III and IV

Correct Answer: (3)

Ques: In the below section, there are four arguments. Four arguments are given. Each argument is a set of three sentences. Select the set that is the third one considered as the logical solution of both the first and the second one. 

1. All cats are babies. All babies are young. All cats are young.
2. Some nerds are fools. Some fools are green. Some nerds are green.
3. Cars are well-built. Well-built sustains. Cars sustain.
4. All cyclists are fast. Some are fast wrestlers. Some cyclists are wrestlers.

Options:

1. Only I
2. II, III and IV
3. I and II
4. I and III

Correct Answer: (4)

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