Measurement: Physical quantity and SI units, Dimensional analysis, Precision, Significant figures.

Chemical reactions: Laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s nuclear theory; Mole idea; Atomic, molecular and molar masses; Percentage arrangement exact & molecular formula; Balanced chemical equations & stoichiometry

Gaseous state: Gas Laws, ideal conduct, observational induction of gas equation, Kinetic theory – Maxwell distribution of velocities, average, root mean square and most probable velocities and connection to temperature, Diffusion; Deviation from ideal conduct – Critical temperature, Liquefaction of gases, van der Waals equation.

Liquid state: Vapour pressure, surface strain, consistency.

Solid state: Classification; Space cross-sections & crystal systems; Unit cell – Cubic & hexagonal systems; Close packing; Crystal structures: Simple AB and AB2 type ionic gems, covalent crystals – diamond & graphite, metals. Flaws Point surrenders, non-stoichiometric crystals; Electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties; Amorphous solids – subjective description.

Introduction: Radioactivity, Subatomic

Quantum mechanics: Wave-particle duality – de Broglie connection, Uncertainty standard; Hydrogen atom: Quantum numbers and wavefunctions, nuclear orbitals and their shapes (s, p, and d), Spin quantum number.

Periodicity: Periodic law and the advanced occasional table; Types of elements: s, p, d, and f blocks; Periodic trends: ionization energy, nuclear and ionic radii, electron liking, electronegativity, and valency.

Ionic Bond: Lattice Energy and Born-Haber cycle; Covalent character of ionic bonds and polar character of covalent of bond

 Molecular Structure: Lewis picture & reverberation structures, VSEPR model & molecular shapes

Covalent Bond: Valence Bond Theory- Orbital overlap, Directionality of bonds & hybridization (s, p & d orbitals just), Resonance; Molecular orbital theory- Methodology, Orbital energy level chart, Bond request, Magnetic properties for homonuclear diatomic species.

Fundamental Concepts: Systems and environmental factors; State functions; Intensive & Extensive Properties; Zeroth Law and Temperature

First Law of Thermodynamics: Work, inner energy, heat, enthalpy, heat limits; Enthalpies of development, phase transformation, ionization, electron acquire; Thermochemistry; Hess’s Law.

Second Law: Spontaneous and reversible cycles; entropy; Gibbs free energy identified with immediacy and non-mechanical work; Standard free energies of the arrangement, free energy change, and chemical equilibrium.

Third Law: Introduction

Concentration Units: Mole Fraction, Molality, and Molarity.

Physical Equilibrium: Equilibria including physical changes (solid-liquid, liquid-gas, solid-gas), Surface chemistry, Adsorption, Physical and Chemical adsorption, Langmuir Isotherm, Colloids and emulsion, grouping, planning.

Chemical Equilibria: Equilibrium constants (KP, KC), Le-Chatelier’s rule

Part of Kinetics: Rate and Rate expression of a reaction; Rate steady; Order and molecularity of the reaction; Integrated rate expressions and half-life for zero and first-order reactions.

 Mechanism of Reaction: Elementary reactions; Complex reactions; Reactions including two/three steps only.

General: Abundance, conveyance, physical and chemical properties, isolation and uses of elements; Trends in chemical reactivity of elements of a group; electronic setup, oxidation states; irregular properties of the first element of each group.​

Group 13 elements: Boron; Properties and uses of borax, boric corrosive, boron hydrides & halides. The reaction of aluminum with acids and antacids;

Group 14 elements: Carbon: carbon catenation, physical & chemical properties, utilizes, allotropes (graphite, diamond, fullerenes), oxides, halides and sulfides, carbides; Silicon: Silica, silicates, silicone, Zeolites.

Group 15 elements: Dinitrogen; Reactivity and uses of nitrogen and its mixes; Industrial and biological nitrogen obsession; Ammonia: Haber’s cycle, properties, and reactions; Oxides of nitrogen and their structures; Ostwald’s cycle of nitric acid production; Fertilizers – NPK type; Production of phosphorus; Allotropes of phosphorus; Preparation, structure, and properties of hydrides, oxides, oxoacids (Just elementary idea) and halides of phosphorus, phosphine

Classification: Based on functional groups, unimportant, and IUPAC terminology. Methods of purification: subjective and quantitative.

 Electronic displacement in a covalent bond: Inductive, resonance impacts, and hyperconjugation; free extremists; carbocations, carbanions, nucleophiles, and electrophiles; types of organic reactions.

Petroleum: Composition and purification, use of petrochemicals.

Introduction: Chiral atoms; optical activity; polarimetry; R, S and D, L arrangements; Fischer projections; enantiomerism; racemates; diastereomers and mesostructures.

Conformations: hydrocarbon conformations; Newman and Sawhorse projections.

General: Electronic structure, necessary way of preparation, identification, necessary reactions, physical properties and uses of alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, nitro compounds, carboxylic acids, amines, diazonium salts, cyanides, and isocyanides.

Specific: Effect of substituents on alpha-carbon on acid strength, near reactivity of acid derivatives, a component of nucleophilic expansion and dehydration, the essential character of amines methods of preparation, and their partition, importance of diazonium salts in synthetic organic chemistry.

The Cell: Concept of cell and energy cycle.

Carbohydrates: Classification; Monosaccharides; Structures of pentoses and hexoses; Anomeric carbon; Mutarotation; Simple chemical responses of glucose, Disaccharides: diminishing and non-decreasing sugars – sucrose, maltose, and lactose; Polysaccharides: elementary thought of structures of starch, cellulose, and glycogen.

Proteins: Amino acids; Peptide bond; Polypeptides; Primary structure of proteins; Simple thought of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins; Denaturation of proteins and enzymes.

 Vitamins: Classification, structure, work in biosystems; Hormones

Volumetric Analysis: Principles; Standard arrangements of sodium carbonate, and oxalic acid; Acid-base titrations; Redox reactions including KI, H2SO4, Na2SO3, Na2S2O3and H2S; Potassium permanganate in acidic, fundamental and impartial media; Titrations of oxalic acid, ferrous ammonium sulfate with KMnO4, K2Cr2O7/Na2S2O3, Cu(II)/Na2S2O3.

 Qualitative analysis of Inorganic Salts: Principles in the assurance of the cations Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Fe3+, Ni2+ and the anions CO32-, S2-, SO42-, SO32-, NO2-, NO3-, Cl-, Br-, I-, PO43-, CH3COO-, C2O42-.