English language proficiency is mandatory if the study destination of any candidate is any English speaking nation. TOEFL is a popular English test that offers an opportunity to study abroad. TOEFL has 4 sections and TOEFL writing is the last and one of the most difficult sections of TOEFL iBT. TOEFL writing test has two tasks: TOEFL writing independent task and TOEFL writing integrated task. For TOEFL writing integrated task, candidates need to show their reading, listening, and writing skills as they have to read a passage and listen to a recording of a lecture and write an essay based on it. TOEFL integrated writing task is a complicated task and it has a diverse array of topics.  TOEFL writing template helps to structure the essay in the best possible way and TOEFL writing sample of integrated writing tasks makes the candidates familiar with TOEFL writing topics. 

Check TOEFL writing preparation tips and obtain a good TOEFL writing score by practicing with TOEFL writing practice papers. Check TOEFL integrated writing sample: 

The transient lunar phenomena (TLP) are the irregular colour changes seen on the surface of the moon and while the reading presents couple of explanations for this phenomenon, the lecturer feels that none of these explanations are credible.

In the very beginning, the author has pointed that the TLP are caused by gas found beneath the moon’s surface which is sometimes ejected into the atmosphere and thus, colour changes happen. However, another theory is that the TLPs are often seen near craters which can be seen as the bed from where the gas escapes from. However, the lecturer casts doubt on this claim with the argument that it is just a coincidence that TLPs are seen near craters and that these small indentations are the most common feature of this satellite. The lecturer also points towards a finding of NASA which detected gas near a major crater only found a small amount of it.

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Secondly, the writer observes that the TLPs might just be bright clouds of dust floating above the surface of the moon and while we know that the dust is capable to reflect the light, which is same on the moon and thus, it causes TLP. In contrast the lecturer, points out that the dust clouds would have to be massive in order to be observed from Earth and that there is no evidence of a large amount of dust on the moon.

Lastly, another theory from the author relates the TLPs to the solar radiation and that the former might be just a by-product. The article points to the theory that the magnetic storms occurring on the sun releases radiation which do colour certain part of the landscape. However, the lecturer challenges this assertion by observing that there is no relationship between these two events as the dates when TLPs have been observed do not match the dates of known solar flares.