Physicists require a strong background in both science and mathematics, the ability to approach concepts both theoretically and practically, and top-notch problem-solving skills. Research and development work is an integral part of most physicists? responsibilities. Some perform basic research to increase scientific knowledge; others conduct applied research with the goal of creating new devices, products, and processes. For instance, basic research in solid-state physics led to the development of transistors and then to the integrated circuits used in computers.