The Department of Physics is one of the original departments of UT Dallas. The department grew from the Southwest Center for Advanced Studies, a research institute started in 1961 by Texas Instruments (TI) scientists and engineers. Close ties to TI continue to this day as evidenced by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Laboratory, a 192,000-square-foot research facility designed in cooperation with TI.

The faculty includes world-renowned experts in space science, cosmology and astrophysics, particle and high-energy physics, nanotechnology, and materials science, among others. Faculty members are affiliated with and conduct research at physics facilities worldwide, including the Large Hadron Collider.