IIT Madras has 16 departments, 14 research centres, and a Continuing Education Programs Centre (CEP). All of the centres offer 121 courses in Engineering, Science, Humanities, and Management. IIT Madras has signed MOUs with a number of foreign universities for student exchange programs. As per the MoUs signed, students pursuing UG, PG, and Dual Degree programs at the institute spend a semester abroad for broad exposure. In addition, the institute also offers Joint Doctoral Programs (JDPs) in collaboration with 17 foreign universities. The institute also provides an AICTE-sponsored Quality Improvement Program (QIP).

Out of the 121 courses offered by IIT Madras, BTech and Online Degree program has the highest popularity. BTech is the flagship program of the institute. Admission to the course is done on the basis of rank obtained in the JEE Advanced exam.