Ongoing areas of investigation at the university's Steward Observatory include extragalactic astronomy, galactic and stellar astronomy, solar system studies, and theoretical astrophysics. The program concentrates on physics and math; many astronomy majors also earn a physics degree. Its emphasis on the physical sciences makes this degree one of the most demanding at the university.

The intensive knowledge of mathematics and physics gained from a major in Astronomy provides a strong foundation for careers or future studies in the physical sciences. Graduates in Astronomy might work in research, data analysis, education, programming, or outreach, and are also well prepared to pursue graduate studies in astronomy, physics, optical sciences, or planetary sciences. Some of the jobs listed below require an advanced degree.