Chemistry is vital for students interested in medical and health-related careers, which are based on knowledge of the chemical sciences. It is also ideal for students interested in a broad, liberal arts education, with an emphasis on understanding the nature and interactions of the chemicals that make up the world. The field of chemistry can lead to careers in research and teaching, medicine and health sciences, and industry and private service. The chemical and pharmaceutical industries provide opportunities for applied chemical research. Medicine and health-science fields emphasize the biologic aspects of advances in chemistry. Public service-minded individuals with a solid science education may find their niche in environmental protection agencies, consumer advocacy groups, and government offices. In education, there is a nationwide shortage of elementary and high school science teachers.