- Ability to apply concepts and principles of geosciences in understanding Earth processes or relationships of people to the Earth.
- Competency in laboratory and field skills and ability to conduct a scientific investigation.
- Ability to use and respond to literature and research in geosciences, including: use of library and research data, ability to interpret results of an investigation in science or social science research, comprehension of key ideas and evidence, understanding of arguments, and ability to communicate arguments and ideas in written and oral form.