The student is required to pass a general qualifying examination in astronomy, usually taken at the end of the second year. The student must then prepare a dissertation based on the results of independent research. A PhD candidate must also satisfy the general requirements of the School of Graduate Studies.

Full-time graduate students who maintain satisfactory academic performance while pursuing the PhD degree in astronomy normally receive a stipend for teaching and/or research, which includes full tuition and a monthly amount sufficient to cover living expenses.