• The philological disciplines of Ancient Near Eastern Studies (especially Assyriology and Hittitology) are concerned with the deciphering and interpretation of the cuneiform texts inherited from the various ancient Near Eastern cultures and the study of the ancient Near Eastern languages, especially the Sumerian, the Akkadian (Babylonian and Assyrian) and the Hittite. 
  • The Near Eastern Archeology deals with the material culture, settlement and art history of the ancient Near East. Near-Eastern archaeologists also conduct excavations and field tours in the Middle East. 
  • Together, ancient Near Eastern philology and archaeology strive to reconstruct the culture and history of the advanced cultures of the ancient Near East, which have deeply influenced the culture.