The publication of the sequence of the human genome in February 2001 is considered an important milestone in the history of research; the response in the media was correspondingly high. Bioinformatics made the largest contribution to this scientific result. But the far greater challenges still lie ahead: The genes must be found and their function examined in order to finally understand the interplay of the genes and on this basis enable the development of new drugs. These tasks are many times more complex than assembling the DNA sequence. Bioinformatics makes decisive contributions to solving these challenges.