Question:medium
The common stable oxidation states of Eu and Gd are respectively
The common stable oxidation states of Eu and Gd are respectively
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Key Points:
The most common oxidation state for lanthanides is +3.
Extra stability is associated with empty (f$^0$), half-filled (f$^7$), and fully-filled (f$^{14$) f-subshells.
Eu ([Xe] 4f$^7$ 6s$^2$) readily forms Eu$^{2+$ ([Xe] 4f$^7$), making +2 a common stable state for Eu.
Gd ([Xe] 4f$^7$ 5d$^1$ 6s$^2$) readily forms Gd$^{3+$ ([Xe] 4f$^7$), making +3 the very stable and common state for Gd.
Updated On: Nov 28, 2025
- +3 and +3
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- +2 and +3
- +2 and +2
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